XHTML Interview Questions and Answers for 5 years experience

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XHTML Interview Questions (5 Years Experience)

  1. What is XHTML? How does it differ from HTML?

    • Answer: XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) is a reformulation of HTML as an XML application. Key differences include: XHTML is stricter in its syntax (requiring well-formed XML), uses lowercase tags, requires closing tags for all elements, and employs XML namespaces. HTML is more lenient in its syntax and allows for variations not permitted in XHTML.

  2. Explain the different document type declarations (DTDs) in XHTML.

    • Answer: XHTML uses DTDs to specify the version and features supported. Common DTDs include XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, and XHTML 1.0 Frameset. Strict is the most stringent, omitting presentational elements, Transitional allows some presentational elements for backward compatibility, and Frameset supports framesets (which are generally discouraged nowadays).

  3. What are the advantages of using XHTML over HTML?

    • Answer: Advantages include improved validation (due to stricter syntax), better interoperability across different browsers and devices, and easier integration with other XML-based technologies. It also lays a stronger foundation for understanding and working with XML.

  4. What are some common XHTML validation errors? How do you fix them?

    • Answer: Common errors include missing closing tags, improperly nested elements, incorrect use of attributes (e.g., missing quotes around attribute values), and using uppercase tags. Fixing them requires careful examination of the code, using a validator (like the W3C validator), and ensuring that the document conforms to the chosen DTD.

  5. Explain the role of namespaces in XHTML.

    • Answer: Namespaces avoid naming conflicts when combining XHTML with other XML vocabularies. They provide a way to uniquely identify elements and attributes from different XML schemas, preventing ambiguity.

  6. How do you create a well-formed XHTML document?

    • Answer: A well-formed XHTML document follows XML rules: every start tag has a matching end tag, elements are properly nested, attribute values are enclosed in quotes, and there's a single root element.

  7. What is the difference between XHTML Strict and XHTML Transitional?

    • Answer: XHTML Strict is more purist, excluding presentational elements like ``, `
      `, etc., enforcing separation of content and presentation. XHTML Transitional allows these elements for backward compatibility but is less semantically clean.

  8. Explain the concept of semantic HTML and its importance in XHTML.

    • Answer: Semantic HTML uses tags that clearly describe the meaning and purpose of the content, rather than just its appearance. In XHTML, this improves accessibility, SEO, and maintainability. `
      `, `

  9. How do you handle character encoding in XHTML?

    • Answer: The `` declaration at the beginning of the document specifies the character encoding (UTF-8 is recommended). This ensures correct display of characters across different systems and languages.

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