Salesforce Interview Questions and Answers for freshers

1. What is Salesforce?

   • Answer: Salesforce is a cloud-based software company that provides customer relationship management (CRM) service and a complementary suite of enterprise applications focused on customer service, marketing automation, analytics, and application development.

2. What are the different editions of Salesforce?

   • Answer: Salesforce offers various editions, including Essentials, Group, Professional, Enterprise, Performance, Unlimited, and Developer Edition. Each edition provides a different set of features and functionalities tailored to specific business needs and user volume.

3. Explain the concept of Salesforce Clouds.

   • Answer: Salesforce offers various clouds like Sales Cloud, Service Cloud, Marketing Cloud, Commerce Cloud, etc., each focusing on a specific business function. They are integrated but can be used independently to address particular business requirements.

4. What is a Salesforce object? Give examples.

   • Answer: A Salesforce object is a database table that stores data. Examples include Accounts, Contacts, Opportunities, Leads, Cases.

5. What is a Salesforce record?

   • Answer: A Salesforce record is a single row of data within a Salesforce object. For example, a specific account record would contain information about a single customer.

6. What is a Salesforce field?

   • Answer: A Salesforce field is a column in a Salesforce object that stores a specific piece of data. Examples include Account Name, Contact Email, Opportunity Stage.

7. What are different data types in Salesforce?

   • Answer: Common data types include Text, Number, Date, Date/Time, Picklist, Checkbox, Currency, Email, Phone, URL, Lookup, Master-Detail relationship, etc.

8. Explain the difference between a lookup and a master-detail relationship.

   • Answer: A lookup relationship allows you to link records between two objects, while a master-detail relationship provides tighter coupling, enforcing referential integrity (deleting the master record deletes related detail records) and cascading roll-up summaries.

9. What is a Salesforce formula field?

   • Answer: A formula field calculates a value based on other fields in the same record. It allows for automated calculations and data manipulation.

10. What is a workflow rule in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A workflow rule automates tasks based on specific criteria met by a record. For example, sending an email notification when an opportunity stage changes.

11. What are approval processes in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Approval processes automate the routing of records for approval through a defined sequence of users or groups. They ensure that changes to critical data are reviewed and authorized.

12. What is a validation rule in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A validation rule prevents users from saving records that don't meet specific criteria. It helps maintain data integrity.

13. What is a trigger in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A trigger is Apex code that executes before or after DML (Data Manipulation Language) operations (insert, update, delete, upsert, undelete) on a record. It allows for more complex automation and data manipulation than workflow rules.

14. What is Apex in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Apex is a strongly-typed, object-oriented programming language that allows developers to customize Salesforce functionality. It's used to build triggers, controllers, and other custom logic.

15. What is Visualforce in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Visualforce is a framework for building custom user interfaces in Salesforce. It uses XML-based markup and allows developers to create rich, dynamic web pages within the Salesforce platform.

16. What is Lightning Web Components (LWC)?

    • Answer: LWC is a modern framework for building user interfaces in Salesforce using web standards like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. It's a more performant and efficient alternative to Visualforce.

17. What is SOQL?

    • Answer: SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language) is used to query data from the Salesforce database. It's similar to SQL.

18. What is SOSL?

    • Answer: SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) allows you to search for records across multiple objects based on keywords.

19. Explain the concept of sharing rules in Salesforce.

    • Answer: Sharing rules define access levels for records based on criteria like role hierarchy, record ownership, or custom criteria. They determine who can view, edit, or delete specific records.

20. What is a role hierarchy in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A role hierarchy defines a hierarchical structure of user roles. Users inherit permissions from their superiors in the hierarchy.

21. What is a permission set in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A permission set grants specific permissions to users, allowing fine-grained control over access to features and functionalities.

22. What is a profile in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A profile defines a set of standard permissions and access levels for users. It's a foundation for user access control.

23. What are custom objects in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Custom objects allow you to extend Salesforce functionality by creating new database tables to store information specific to your business needs.

24. What are custom fields in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Custom fields are columns added to standard or custom objects to store additional information.

25. What are custom tabs in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Custom tabs provide easy access to custom objects and pages within the Salesforce user interface.

26. What is the Salesforce Setup Menu?

    • Answer: The Salesforce Setup Menu is where administrators configure and manage various aspects of the Salesforce organization, including users, security settings, customizations, and integrations.

27. What are some common Salesforce reports?

    • Answer: Common reports include opportunity reports, account reports, case reports, custom reports based on specific business needs.

28. What are dashboards in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Dashboards display key performance indicators (KPIs) and other important data visually, providing a quick overview of business performance.

29. What is a Salesforce community?

    • Answer: A Salesforce community is a branded online space where customers, partners, or employees can connect, collaborate, and share information.

30. Explain the concept of data migration in Salesforce.

    • Answer: Data migration involves moving data from an existing system into Salesforce. It requires careful planning and execution to ensure data integrity and accuracy.

31. What are some data migration tools used in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Data Loader, Data Import Wizard, third-party migration tools.

32. What is the Data Import Wizard?

    • Answer: The Data Import Wizard is a built-in Salesforce tool for importing data from CSV or other supported file formats.

33. What is the Data Loader?

    • Answer: The Data Loader is a powerful command-line tool for importing, exporting, updating, and deleting Salesforce data.

34. What are some best practices for Salesforce development?

    • Answer: Best practices include using version control, writing clean and efficient code, following coding standards, testing thoroughly, using best practices for security and performance.

35. Explain the concept of governor limits in Salesforce.

    • Answer: Governor limits are restrictions on resources used by Apex code and transactions to ensure the stability and performance of the Salesforce platform.

36. What are some common governor limits?

    • Answer: Examples include SOQL queries, DML operations, CPU time, heap size.

37. How do you handle governor limits in your code?

    • Answer: Strategies include using bulkification techniques (processing records in batches), optimizing queries, and using asynchronous processing (queues, batch apex).

38. What is bulkification?

    • Answer: Bulkification involves processing multiple records in a single transaction to avoid hitting governor limits.

39. What is a batch Apex class?

    • Answer: A batch Apex class is a type of Apex code that processes large datasets in batches to avoid governor limits. It's ideal for data migrations or other large-scale data operations.

40. What is a scheduled Apex class?

    • Answer: A scheduled Apex class is Apex code that executes automatically at a specified time or interval. It's used for tasks like generating reports, sending emails, or performing background processes.

41. What are Queueable Apex classes?

    • Answer: Queueable Apex classes allow you to process long-running operations asynchronously, enhancing scalability and avoiding governor limits.

42. What is the difference between a trigger and a batch Apex class?

    • Answer: Triggers are event-driven, executing on DML operations, while batch Apex classes are designed for large-scale data processing in batches.

43. How do you debug Apex code?

    • Answer: Using the Salesforce Developer Console's debugger, setting breakpoints, stepping through the code, inspecting variables.

44. What are test classes in Apex?

    • Answer: Test classes are used to write unit tests for Apex code, ensuring code quality and functionality.

45. What is code coverage?

    • Answer: Code coverage is a metric that indicates the percentage of Apex code that has been executed during unit testing.

46. Why is code coverage important?

    • Answer: High code coverage indicates better code quality and reduced risk of bugs. It's also a requirement for deploying code to production.

47. What is the Salesforce DX?

    • Answer: Salesforce DX is a set of tools and best practices for developing and deploying Salesforce applications using source control, continuous integration, and other modern development techniques.

48. What is an org in Salesforce?

    • Answer: An org (organization) is a single instance of the Salesforce platform where data and applications are stored.

49. What is a sandbox in Salesforce?

    • Answer: A sandbox is a copy of your production org used for testing and development without affecting production data.

50. What are different types of sandboxes?

    • Answer: Developer, Developer Pro, Sandbox, Partial Copy Sandbox, Full Copy Sandbox.

51. What is deployment in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Deployment is the process of moving changes (code, customizations) from a development environment (like a sandbox) to a production org.

52. What is change management in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Change management is a process for controlling and managing changes to the Salesforce org to minimize disruption and ensure stability.

53. What are some security best practices in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, regularly reviewing user permissions, using appropriate sharing rules and permission sets.

54. What is the difference between a standard and a custom controller in Visualforce?

    • Answer: A standard controller provides basic functionality for interacting with Salesforce records, while a custom controller gives you more control over the logic and data manipulation.

55. What are page layouts in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Page layouts control the layout and fields displayed on record detail pages in Salesforce.

56. What is a REST API in Salesforce?

    • Answer: The REST API is a way to integrate Salesforce with other systems using standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

57. What is a SOAP API in Salesforce?

    • Answer: The SOAP API is another way to integrate with Salesforce, using SOAP protocols, which is a more structured approach compared to REST.

58. What is the difference between REST and SOAP APIs?

    • Answer: REST is simpler, lighter-weight, and uses standard HTTP methods, while SOAP is more complex and uses XML for messaging.

59. What is the importance of testing in Salesforce development?

    • Answer: Thorough testing is crucial to ensure code quality, functionality, and prevent bugs in production.

60. What are different types of testing in Salesforce?

    • Answer: Unit testing (Apex), integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing (UAT).

61. What is a Salesforce configuration?

    • Answer: Salesforce configuration encompasses all the settings and customizations made within the Salesforce platform to tailor it to specific business needs.

62. What is a Salesforce customization?

    • Answer: Salesforce customizations involve adding or modifying features to tailor Salesforce to meet specific business requirements. This could involve creating custom objects, fields, workflows, etc.

63. What is the difference between configuration and customization?

    • Answer: Configuration uses built-in Salesforce features and settings to modify existing functionality, while customization involves creating new features using Apex, Visualforce, or LWC.

64. How do you handle errors in Apex code?

    • Answer: Using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions, logging errors for debugging, and providing user-friendly error messages.

65. What are some common Salesforce security features?

    • Answer: Profiles, permission sets, sharing rules, role hierarchies, two-factor authentication, permission sets, network security settings.

66. What is the importance of documentation in Salesforce development?

    • Answer: Proper documentation makes it easier to understand and maintain the system, simplifies troubleshooting, and facilitates knowledge transfer.

67. Explain your understanding of Agile development methodology in the context of Salesforce.

    • Answer: Agile in Salesforce development emphasizes iterative development, frequent feedback, and collaboration to deliver value quickly. This usually involves sprints, daily stand-ups, and frequent deployments to sandboxes and eventually production.

68. How do you stay updated with the latest Salesforce features and technologies?

    • Answer: Through the Salesforce Trailhead platform, Salesforce Developers website, attending webinars, following industry blogs and forums, attending Salesforce events.

69. Tell me about a time you faced a challenging technical problem and how you overcame it.

    • Answer: [This requires a personal anecdote. Describe a specific situation, the challenges encountered, the steps taken to solve the problem, and the outcome. Be specific and quantify your achievements if possible.]

70. Why are you interested in a Salesforce career?

    • Answer: [This is a personal answer; be genuine and highlight your interest in the cloud, CRM, and the Salesforce ecosystem.]

71. What are your salary expectations?

    • Answer: [Research the average salary for your position and location and provide a range reflecting your research.]

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