Angular 8 Interview Questions and Answers for internship

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Angular 8 Internship Interview Questions and Answers

  1. What is Angular?

    • Answer: Angular is a TypeScript-based open-source web application framework led by the Angular Team at Google and by a community of individuals and corporations. It's a complete rewrite from AngularJS (Angular 1.x) and uses a component-based architecture, making it ideal for building complex, scalable applications.

  2. What are the key features of Angular 8?

    • Answer: Key features of Angular 8 include improved performance with Ivy renderer (smaller bundle sizes), differential loading for faster initial load times, improved Angular CLI, Bazel support, and support for Web Workers.

  3. Explain the concept of components in Angular.

    • Answer: Components are the fundamental building blocks of Angular applications. They encapsulate HTML template, CSS styles, and TypeScript logic to create reusable UI elements. Each component is a class that interacts with the template to display data and handle user events.

  4. What is data binding in Angular? Explain different types.

    • Answer: Data binding is the mechanism that facilitates communication between the component's TypeScript logic and the template's HTML. There are four main types: Interpolation ({{...}}), Property Binding ([attribute]="expression"), Event Binding ((event)="expression"), and Two-way Binding [(ngModel)] = "expression".

  5. What are Directives in Angular? Give examples.

    • Answer: Directives are classes that modify the DOM (Document Object Model). There are three types: Component Directives (components themselves), Structural Directives (*ngIf, *ngFor, *ngSwitch), and Attribute Directives ([ngClass], [ngStyle]). They enhance the functionality of the application.

  6. Explain dependency injection in Angular.

    • Answer: Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern where dependencies are provided to a class instead of the class creating them. Angular uses DI extensively to manage the lifecycle of services and components, promoting modularity and testability.

  7. What are services in Angular and how do you use them?

    • Answer: Services are classes that provide specific functionality, such as data access, or external API calls, which can be injected into components. They are singletons, meaning only one instance exists, and promote code reusability and maintainability.

  8. Explain Angular's routing mechanism.

    • Answer: Angular Routing allows navigation between different views (components) in a single-page application (SPA). It uses the `RouterModule` to define routes, mapping URLs to specific components. The `Router` service handles navigation between these routes.

  9. What is RxJS and how is it used in Angular?

    • Answer: RxJS (Reactive Extensions for JavaScript) is a library for reactive programming. Angular uses RxJS extensively to handle asynchronous operations, such as HTTP requests and user interactions, using Observables to manage streams of data.

  10. Explain the concept of Observables in RxJS.

    • Answer: Observables are objects that represent a stream of data over time. They can emit multiple values, handle errors, and complete. They are essential for managing asynchronous operations cleanly and efficiently in Angular.

  11. What is HTTP in Angular and how do you make HTTP requests?

    • Answer: Angular's `HttpClient` module is used to make HTTP requests to fetch data from servers. It's used with Observables to handle the asynchronous nature of network requests, allowing for easy error handling and subscription management.

  12. How do you handle forms in Angular?

    • Answer: Angular provides two approaches to form handling: Template-driven forms (using ngModel) and Reactive forms (using FormGroup, FormControl). Reactive forms are generally preferred for complex forms due to better testability and control.

  13. What are Pipes in Angular? Give examples.

    • Answer: Pipes are a way to transform data in an Angular template. Examples include `DatePipe` (for formatting dates), `CurrencyPipe` (for formatting currency), and `UpperCasePipe` (for converting text to uppercase). Custom pipes can also be created.

  14. Explain Angular's lifecycle hooks.

    • Answer: Lifecycle hooks are methods that are called at specific points in a component's lifecycle, such as `ngOnInit`, `ngOnChanges`, `ngOnDestroy`. These allow you to perform actions at different stages of a component's existence.

  15. What is AOT (Ahead-of-Time) compilation?

    • Answer: AOT compilation compiles the Angular application during the build process, resulting in faster rendering times and smaller bundle sizes compared to JIT (Just-in-Time) compilation.

  16. What is the Angular CLI?

    • Answer: The Angular CLI (Command Line Interface) is a tool for scaffolding, building, and testing Angular applications. It simplifies common tasks such as creating components, services, and modules.

  17. How do you test Angular components?

    • Answer: Angular applications can be tested using Karma and Jasmine. Unit tests focus on individual components, while end-to-end tests (e2e) test the entire application flow.

  18. Explain the concept of modules in Angular.

    • Answer: Modules provide a way to organize related components, services, and directives into cohesive blocks. They improve code organization and maintainability, and are crucial for larger applications.

  19. What is the difference between `let` and `const` in TypeScript?

    • Answer: `let` declares a variable with block scope (the variable is only accessible within the block it's defined in), while `const` declares a constant whose value cannot be changed after initialization.

  20. What is TypeScript? Why is it used with Angular?

    • Answer: TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds optional static typing. Angular uses TypeScript to provide improved code maintainability, refactoring capabilities, and better error detection during development.

  21. Explain the concept of interfaces in TypeScript.

    • Answer: Interfaces define the shape of an object, specifying the types of its properties and methods. They help enforce type safety and improve code readability.

  22. What are classes in TypeScript?

    • Answer: Classes are blueprints for creating objects. They define properties and methods that objects of that class will have.

  23. Explain the concept of decorators in TypeScript.

    • Answer: Decorators are a way to add metadata to classes, methods, or properties. In Angular, they are used extensively to mark components, directives, services, and more.

  24. How do you handle asynchronous operations in Angular?

    • Answer: Asynchronous operations are primarily handled using RxJS Observables and Promises. Observables are generally preferred for streams of data, while Promises are suitable for single asynchronous operations.

  25. What are some common Angular best practices?

    • Answer: Best practices include using a modular design, following a consistent naming convention, using dependency injection effectively, writing unit tests, and keeping components small and focused.

  26. How do you debug Angular applications?

    • Answer: Debugging can be done using the browser's developer tools (e.g., Chrome DevTools), setting breakpoints in the code, and using console logging statements.

  27. Describe your experience with version control systems (e.g., Git).

    • Answer: [Answer should detail specific experience with Git, including branching, merging, pull requests, and common commands.]

  28. What are some common challenges you've faced while working with Angular? How did you overcome them?

    • Answer: [Answer should describe specific challenges and solutions, showing problem-solving skills.]

  29. What are your preferred methods for learning new technologies?

    • Answer: [Answer should demonstrate a proactive approach to learning.]

  30. Describe a project you are particularly proud of. What was your role? What challenges did you face?

    • Answer: [Answer should detail a specific project, highlighting technical skills and problem-solving abilities.]

  31. How do you stay up-to-date with the latest trends and advancements in Angular?

    • Answer: [Answer should mention specific resources, like blogs, newsletters, conferences, etc.]

  32. What are your salary expectations for this internship?

    • Answer: [Answer should be realistic and based on research.]

  33. Why are you interested in this internship?

    • Answer: [Answer should demonstrate genuine interest in the company and the internship opportunity.]

  34. What are your strengths?

    • Answer: [Answer should highlight relevant skills and qualities.]

  35. What are your weaknesses?

    • Answer: [Answer should be honest and focus on areas for improvement, showing self-awareness.]

  36. Tell me about a time you failed. What did you learn from it?

    • Answer: [Answer should demonstrate learning from mistakes and resilience.]

  37. Tell me about a time you worked on a team project. What was your role and how did you contribute?

    • Answer: [Answer should highlight teamwork and collaboration skills.]

  38. How do you handle stress and pressure?

    • Answer: [Answer should demonstrate effective coping mechanisms.]

  39. How do you prioritize tasks and manage your time effectively?

    • Answer: [Answer should demonstrate organizational skills.]

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