Testing/QTP Interview Questions and Answers for 10 years experience

1. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

   • Answer: Verification confirms if we are building the product right (following the requirements), while validation confirms if we are building the right product (meeting the user needs). Verification uses methods like reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections. Validation uses methods like testing and user acceptance testing.

2. Explain the different levels of testing.

   • Answer: Testing levels include Unit, Integration, System, and Acceptance testing. Unit testing focuses on individual components. Integration testing verifies the interaction between components. System testing evaluates the entire system as a whole. Acceptance testing confirms if the system meets the user requirements.

3. What are the different types of software testing?

   • Answer: Types include Functional (testing features), Non-Functional (testing performance, security, usability), Black Box (testing without internal knowledge), White Box (testing with internal knowledge), Grey Box (testing with partial internal knowledge), Regression (testing after code changes), and many more.

4. What is QTP (UFT)?

   • Answer: QTP, now known as UFT (Unified Functional Testing), is a commercial automated testing tool from Micro Focus. It allows for the automation of functional and regression testing of software applications.

5. Explain the architecture of QTP/UFT.

   • Answer: UFT's architecture comprises the IDE (Integrated Development Environment), the Test Engine (executes tests), and the Object Repository (stores application objects). It interacts with the application under test (AUT) through various methods like object recognition and scripting.

6. How do you handle dynamic objects in QTP/UFT?

   • Answer: Dynamic objects change their properties at runtime. We handle them using techniques like descriptive programming (using object properties that don't change), regular expressions (for partially changing properties), and using checkpoints that check for partial matches.

7. What are checkpoints in QTP/UFT? Explain different types.

   • Answer: Checkpoints verify if the AUT behaves as expected. Types include Standard, Database, Bitmap, Table, and XML checkpoints, each verifying a specific aspect of the application's data or visual elements.

8. What are different types of frameworks in QTP/UFT?

   • Answer: Popular frameworks include Linear Scripting (simple, sequential), Modular (breaking down tests into modules), Data-Driven (using external data sources), Keyword-Driven (using keywords and tables), Hybrid (combining aspects of multiple frameworks), and Page Object Model (POM) focusing on object reusability.

9. Explain the concept of Object Repository in QTP/UFT.

   • Answer: The Object Repository stores the objects identified in the AUT. It improves reusability and maintainability of test scripts. It can be either local or shared.

10. How do you handle exceptions in QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: Use `On Error Resume Next` statement or `Try...Catch` blocks to handle runtime errors gracefully. Logging the error details is crucial for debugging.

11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: Advantages include improved test efficiency, reduced testing time, better test coverage, and increased accuracy. Disadvantages can include the high cost of the license, steep learning curve, and potential maintenance challenges with complex scripts and large object repositories.

12. How do you integrate QTP/UFT with other tools?

    • Answer: Integration can be achieved with ALM (Application Lifecycle Management) tools like HP ALM (now Micro Focus ALM), Test Management tools, and other automation tools through scripting and APIs. Data can be exchanged using various methods like excel sheets, databases and XML files.

13. Explain the concept of Descriptive Programming in QTP/UFT.

    • Answer: Descriptive programming allows you to identify objects based on their properties rather than relying on the Object Repository. This is particularly useful for dynamic objects.

14. What is the difference between a Function and a Subroutine in VBScript?

    • Answer: A Function returns a value, while a Subroutine does not. Both are used to organize and reuse code within VBScript.

15. How do you perform Database testing using QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: QTP/UFT can connect to databases using ADO (ActiveX Data Objects) and verify data integrity. Database checkpoints are used to compare expected data with the actual data retrieved from the database.

16. Explain different ways to handle web tables in QTP/UFT.

    • Answer: Web tables can be handled using the `GetCellData` method, iterating through rows and columns, or using descriptive programming to identify specific cells.

17. How do you handle frames and iframes in QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: You need to switch between frames using the `SwfWindow` or `Frame` object methods to interact with elements within the frame or iframe.

18. What is the role of recovery scenario manager in QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: The Recovery Scenario Manager helps to recover from unexpected runtime errors or application crashes. It defines actions to be taken when specific events occur during test execution, such as restarting the application or logging the error.

19. How do you parameterize your tests in QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: Parameterization allows you to reuse tests with different data. Methods include using external data sources like excel sheets or databases, or using the built-in parameterization features within UFT.

20. How do you generate test reports in QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: QTP/UFT generates detailed reports that include test results, execution time, and errors encountered during test execution. These reports are typically saved as HTML files.

21. What are the best practices for writing efficient QTP/UFT scripts?

    • Answer: Best practices include using meaningful variable names, proper commenting, modularizing scripts, error handling, using descriptive programming where appropriate, and maintaining a well-organized Object Repository.

22. How do you debug your QTP/UFT scripts?

    • Answer: Use the debugging tools in UFT, such as breakpoints, stepping through code, inspecting variables, and using the watch window to monitor variable values during execution. Proper logging helps in troubleshooting as well.

23. Explain the concept of Test Automation Framework.

    • Answer: A Test Automation Framework is a set of guidelines, coding standards, and reusable components that provide a structured approach to automated testing. It improves maintainability, reusability, and reduces the overall effort required in test automation.

24. What are some common challenges faced in Test Automation?

    • Answer: Challenges include maintaining test scripts as the application evolves, handling dynamic objects, dealing with flaky tests, and the time investment needed to initially set up the automation framework.

25. How do you handle AJAX calls in QTP/UFT?

    • Answer: AJAX calls require techniques like waiting for specific elements to appear using the `Wait` methods or checking for changes in the page's state using Javascript or other scripting techniques to ensure the application has fully loaded before attempting interaction.

26. How do you perform performance testing? What tools have you used?

    • Answer: Performance testing can be done using tools like LoadRunner, JMeter, or WebLOAD. It involves simulating real-world user load on the application to identify performance bottlenecks and evaluate response times.

27. Describe your experience with Agile methodologies and how you integrated testing into an Agile environment.

    • Answer: Describe your experience with Agile sprints, daily stand-ups, and how you participated in sprint planning and retrospectives. Explain how you performed continuous integration and continuous testing.

28. How do you prioritize test cases?

    • Answer: Prioritization can be based on risk analysis, business impact, test coverage, and available time. High-risk and critical functionalities should be tested first.

29. What is your experience with version control systems (e.g., Git)?

    • Answer: Explain your experience with Git (or other VCS) including branching, merging, pull requests, and collaborative development workflows.

30. Explain your approach to test data management.

    • Answer: Describe how you handled test data creation, management, and cleanup. Discuss methods for generating realistic and diverse test data.

31. How do you handle security testing aspects in your testing process?

    • Answer: Explain your approach to identifying security vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and authentication flaws. Mention any security testing tools you have used.

32. What is your experience with mobile application testing?

    • Answer: Describe your experience testing mobile apps on different platforms (iOS, Android) and using mobile testing tools like Appium or others.

33. What is your experience with API testing?

    • Answer: Describe your experience testing APIs using tools like Postman, REST-assured, or other API testing frameworks. Discuss how you validated responses and handled different HTTP methods.

34. How do you ensure the quality of your test automation code?

    • Answer: Explain your approach to code reviews, unit testing of automation scripts, and using static code analysis tools. Mention any coding best practices you follow.

35. What are some metrics you use to measure the effectiveness of your test automation efforts?

    • Answer: Mention metrics such as test coverage, defect detection rate, test execution time, and test script maintenance effort. Explain how you track and report on these metrics.

36. Describe a challenging testing situation you faced and how you overcame it.

    • Answer: Provide a specific example from your experience that highlights your problem-solving skills and ability to adapt to challenging situations.

37. How do you stay updated with the latest testing trends and technologies?

    • Answer: Mention your involvement in online courses, conferences, industry blogs, and communities related to software testing and automation.

38. What are your salary expectations?

    • Answer: Research the average salary for your experience level and location and provide a range reflecting your expectations.

39. Why are you leaving your current role? (or Why did you leave your previous role?)

    • Answer: Frame your answer positively, focusing on growth opportunities and career advancement. Avoid negative comments about your previous employer.

40. What are your strengths and weaknesses?

    • Answer: Highlight your relevant skills and experiences as strengths. For weaknesses, choose something that is not critical to the role but that you are actively working to improve.

41. Tell me about a time you made a mistake. How did you handle it?

    • Answer: Choose a genuine mistake and focus on how you learned from it and took steps to prevent similar errors in the future.

42. Tell me about a time you worked on a team project. What was your role?

    • Answer: Describe a successful team project and highlight your contributions and collaborative skills.

43. How do you handle pressure and tight deadlines?

    • Answer: Explain your approach to managing workload, prioritizing tasks, and working effectively under pressure.

44. Describe your experience with different testing methodologies (e.g., Waterfall, Agile).

    • Answer: Detail your experience with various methodologies and adapt your answer to the specific methodologies used by the company.

45. How do you ensure test coverage?

    • Answer: Explain your approaches to ensuring comprehensive test coverage, including techniques like requirement traceability and risk-based testing.

46. What is your preferred communication style?

    • Answer: Describe your preferred style (e.g., direct, collaborative) and highlight its effectiveness in a testing environment.

47. How do you handle conflicts within a team?

    • Answer: Explain your approach to resolving conflicts constructively, focusing on finding solutions that benefit the team as a whole.

48. What are your long-term career goals?

    • Answer: Outline your career aspirations and align them with the company's goals and opportunities.

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