Testing/QTP Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is QTP?

   • Answer: QTP (QuickTest Professional) is a now-deprecated functional testing tool from Micro Focus (formerly HP) used for automating software applications. It employs VB Script for creating test scripts and supports various technologies like Web, Java, .NET, SAP, and more.

2. What are the different types of tests you can perform with QTP?

   • Answer: QTP can perform various tests including Functional testing, Regression testing, Data-driven testing, Keyword-driven testing, and even some aspects of performance testing (though specialized tools are better suited for in-depth performance analysis).

3. Explain the concept of Object Repository in QTP.

   • Answer: The Object Repository is a central storage location for all the objects recognized by QTP within an application under test. It stores the properties of these objects, allowing the test scripts to interact with them efficiently. Using an Object Repository promotes reusability and maintainability of test scripts.

4. What is the difference between Descriptive Programming and Object Repository?

   • Answer: Object Repository stores object properties centrally, promoting reusability. Descriptive Programming uses code to dynamically identify objects based on their properties at runtime. Object Repository is generally preferred for better maintainability, while Descriptive Programming offers flexibility when dealing with dynamic objects.

5. What is a checkpoint in QTP?

   • Answer: A checkpoint verifies that the actual value of a specific object property matches the expected value. It's used to validate the application's behavior and identify defects.

6. Explain different types of checkpoints.

   • Answer: QTP offers various checkpoint types such as Standard Checkpoint (for comparing various properties), Image Checkpoint (for comparing image content), Bitmap Checkpoint (for comparing screen captures), Database Checkpoint (for checking database values), and XML Checkpoint (for validating XML data).

7. What is a Data-Driven Test in QTP?

   • Answer: Data-driven testing involves separating test data from the test script itself. The script reads test data from an external source (like an Excel sheet or a database) and executes the same test with different data sets, improving test efficiency and coverage.

8. How do you handle dynamic objects in QTP?

   • Answer: Dynamic objects change their properties during runtime. Handling them requires techniques like Descriptive Programming, Regular Expressions, using partial object identification, or creating a custom function to dynamically generate the object's properties.

9. What are the different types of actions in QTP?

   • Answer: QTP actions are logical groupings of steps within a test. They include regular actions (reusable across tests), reusable actions (designed for reuse), and function actions (containing VB Script functions).

10. Explain the concept of Recovery Scenario Manager in QTP.

    • Answer: The Recovery Scenario Manager allows QTP to handle unexpected events or errors during test execution. It defines recovery actions to take when specific events occur (like application crashes or pop-up windows), preventing test failures due to such circumstances.

11. What is the use of Regular Expressions in QTP?

    • Answer: Regular expressions provide a powerful way to identify and handle dynamic objects with varying properties. They define patterns that match specific characteristics within object properties, making them useful for handling dynamic IDs, text values, etc.

12. How do you handle pop-up windows in QTP?

    • Answer: Pop-up windows are handled by identifying them as distinct objects. This often involves using their window titles or properties as identifiers within the QTP script. The `Window()` method is frequently employed.

13. What is the difference between Run-time and Design-time in QTP?

    • Answer: Design-time refers to the process of creating and editing the test script. Run-time refers to the execution of the script against the application under test.

14. What are the different types of frames in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP deals with different types of frames depending on the application's technology. These can include standard HTML frames, IFRAMEs, and frames embedded within other technologies like Java or .NET.

15. How do you handle frames in QTP?

    • Answer: Frames are handled by first switching to the desired frame using the `Frame()` or `WebFrame()` method, then interacting with objects within that frame. After interaction, switching back to the default frame may be necessary.

16. Explain the concept of Synchronization in QTP.

    • Answer: Synchronization points are crucial for handling scenarios where the application under test takes time to load or update dynamically. QTP provides methods like `Sync()` to wait for specific objects or conditions to be met before proceeding with the test script.

17. What are the different ways to identify objects in QTP?

    • Answer: Objects can be identified through their properties (using the Object Repository or Descriptive Programming), using indexes, or a combination of techniques.

18. What is the use of the "On Error Resume Next" statement in QTP?

    • Answer: `On Error Resume Next` instructs QTP to ignore runtime errors and continue executing the script. While useful for robustness, it should be used cautiously as it can mask underlying issues.

19. How can you parameterize your tests in QTP?

    • Answer: Parameterization allows using variables in the test script instead of hardcoded values. This is done through data tables or external data sources, allowing tests to run with different inputs.

20. What is the difference between a function and a subroutine in QTP?

    • Answer: Functions return a value, while subroutines do not. Both are used to modularize the code and improve readability.

21. How do you debug a QTP script?

    • Answer: Debugging involves using QTP's debugging tools like breakpoints, stepping through the code, using the watch window to monitor variable values, and analyzing error messages.

22. What is the purpose of the "Reporter" object in QTP?

    • Answer: The Reporter object is used to generate test results in various formats (like HTML or XML), making it easier to analyze test outcomes.

23. Explain the concept of Keyword Driven Testing.

    • Answer: Keyword-driven testing separates the test script's logic from its implementation details. It uses a table or spreadsheet to define test steps using keywords, actions, and data. This increases reusability and makes tests easier to understand and maintain.

24. What is the difference between Global and Local Object Repositories?

    • Answer: A Global Object Repository is accessible to all actions within a test, while a Local Object Repository is only available to the specific action where it's defined. Local repositories provide better organization and maintainability for large tests.

25. How do you handle exceptions in QTP?

    • Answer: Exception handling involves using `On Error Resume Next`, `On Error GoTo`, or structured exception handling (`Try...Catch...Finally`) to gracefully handle errors without causing the script to crash.

26. What is the significance of the "Environment Variables" in QTP?

    • Answer: Environment variables allow storing configurable settings (like paths or URLs) in a central location, improving the portability and reusability of test scripts.

27. How can you create custom functions in QTP?

    • Answer: Custom functions are created using VB Script within QTP and are typically stored within function libraries or actions. They enhance code organization and reusability.

28. What is the role of the "Test Result" in QTP?

    • Answer: The test result summarizes the execution of the tests and indicates whether tests passed or failed, providing a high-level overview of the testing process.

29. What are some best practices for writing QTP scripts?

    • Answer: Best practices include using descriptive programming judiciously, employing a robust object repository, using meaningful names for objects and variables, incorporating error handling, and adhering to coding standards for better readability and maintainability.

30. How do you generate test reports in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP automatically generates test reports, which can be customized further to include detailed information about test execution, results, and any errors encountered.

31. What are some limitations of QTP?

    • Answer: QTP has limitations in handling certain technologies effectively, may struggle with complex dynamic web applications, and its licensing costs can be substantial.

32. How do you integrate QTP with other tools?

    • Answer: QTP can be integrated with test management tools (like HP ALM/Quality Center) and other automation frameworks for improved test management and reporting.

33. What is the significance of the "Add-ins" in QTP?

    • Answer: Add-ins extend QTP's functionality to support various technologies or add features not available by default.

34. How do you handle different browsers in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP supports multiple browsers. The approach involves identifying objects within each browser context and potentially using browser-specific functions if needed.

35. Explain the concept of object identification in QTP.

    • Answer: Object identification is the process of locating and recognizing objects within the application under test. QTP uses a combination of properties to uniquely identify objects.

36. What are the different ways to improve the performance of QTP scripts?

    • Answer: Performance improvement involves optimizing object identification, reducing unnecessary operations, using efficient coding practices, and minimizing the use of resource-intensive actions.

37. How do you handle security features in QTP (like SSL certificates)?

    • Answer: Handling security features often involves configuring QTP to trust specific SSL certificates or making necessary adjustments to the browser settings to avoid security warnings that might interrupt test execution.

38. What is the role of the "Settings" in QTP?

    • Answer: Settings configure various aspects of QTP, including runtime settings, add-in configurations, and general preferences.

39. How do you handle dynamic text in QTP?

    • Answer: Dynamic text is handled using techniques like regular expressions, descriptive programming, or by extracting relevant portions of the text using string manipulation functions.

40. What are some common challenges faced while using QTP?

    • Answer: Common challenges include handling dynamic objects, dealing with slow application responses, managing large test suites, and ensuring test maintainability.

41. How do you perform database testing with QTP?

    • Answer: Database testing with QTP involves using the Database checkpoint to verify data integrity in databases accessed by the application under test.

42. What are the different types of logging available in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP offers different logging mechanisms to record test execution details and any errors. This can include the default QTP log, custom logging to files, or integration with external logging systems.

43. How do you handle different file formats in QTP?

    • Answer: Handling different file formats depends on the specific format. QTP may use built-in functions or require external libraries to interact with specific file types (e.g., reading data from an Excel sheet or a text file).

44. Explain the concept of Test Automation Framework.

    • Answer: A test automation framework provides a structured approach to building and managing automated tests. It defines guidelines, best practices, and reusable components to increase efficiency and maintainability.

45. What are the advantages of using a Test Automation Framework?

    • Answer: Advantages include improved code reusability, enhanced maintainability, better organization, reduced testing time, and consistent reporting.

46. What are some examples of Test Automation Frameworks?

    • Answer: Examples include Data-driven, Keyword-driven, Hybrid, and Page Object Model (POM) frameworks.

47. How do you handle alerts and messages in QTP?

    • Answer: Alerts and messages are handled by identifying them as distinct objects using their properties and then using appropriate methods to interact with them (e.g., clicking OK or Cancel buttons).

48. What is the role of the "Run-Time Settings" in QTP?

    • Answer: Run-time settings control the execution environment of the test scripts, specifying details such as the application to test, browser settings, and other execution parameters.

49. How do you manage test data efficiently in QTP?

    • Answer: Efficient data management involves using external data sources (like Excel sheets or databases), parameterizing the scripts, and using data-driven testing techniques.

50. What is the significance of version control in QTP testing?

    • Answer: Version control (like using Git or SVN) allows tracking changes made to the test scripts, facilitating collaboration, and providing a mechanism for reverting to previous versions if needed.

51. How do you handle multiple windows in QTP?

    • Answer: Multiple windows are handled by using the `Window()` method to identify and switch between them based on their titles or properties.

52. What is the concept of descriptive programming in QTP?

    • Answer: Descriptive programming uses code to dynamically identify objects based on their properties, making it suitable for handling dynamic objects that may not have consistent object properties.

53. How do you integrate QTP with a Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipeline?

    • Answer: Integration with CI/CD involves automating the execution of QTP tests as part of the build process, typically using tools like Jenkins or similar systems, with integration facilitated through command-line execution of the QTP tests.

54. What are some tips for improving the maintainability of QTP scripts?

    • Answer: Maintainability improvements include proper code structuring, using meaningful names, separating test logic from data, employing modular design, and using version control.

55. How do you handle complex web applications in QTP?

    • Answer: Handling complex web applications requires a robust object repository, effective synchronization points, and the use of techniques like descriptive programming or the Page Object Model to deal with dynamic content.

56. What are some common errors encountered while using QTP, and how do you troubleshoot them?

    • Answer: Common errors include object identification issues, synchronization problems, runtime errors, and script logic errors. Troubleshooting typically involves checking the object repository, reviewing the script logic, analyzing error messages, and using QTP's debugging tools.

57. How can you improve the reusability of your QTP test scripts?

    • Answer: Reusability is enhanced by creating reusable actions, using functions and subroutines, applying modular design, and employing parameterization to make tests adaptable to various inputs.

58. What is the difference between QTP and Selenium?

    • Answer: QTP (now UFT) is a commercial tool that uses VB Script, while Selenium is an open-source tool using various programming languages. Selenium is more flexible and widely adopted for web testing, while QTP/UFT offers broader support for various technologies.

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