Struts Interview Questions and Answers for 5 years experience

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Struts Interview Questions (5 Years Experience)

  1. What is Struts?

    • Answer: Struts is a free, open-source framework for creating Java web applications based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. It simplifies the development process by providing a structured approach and reusable components.

  2. Explain the MVC architecture in Struts.

    • Answer: In Struts, the Model represents the business logic and data, the View handles the presentation (JSPs), and the Controller (ActionServlet/StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter) manages the flow of requests and responses.

  3. What are the advantages of using Struts?

    • Answer: Advantages include MVC architecture for better organization, reusable components, easy integration with other technologies, a large community and extensive documentation, and improved maintainability.

  4. What are the different versions of Struts? What are the key differences between Struts 1 and Struts 2?

    • Answer: Struts 1 and Struts 2 are the major versions. Key differences include Struts 2's use of a more flexible interceptor stack instead of Struts 1's action mappings, simpler configuration using annotations, better performance due to ValueStack and OGNL, and improved support for AJAX and other modern technologies. Struts 2 is significantly more powerful and flexible.

  5. Explain the role of ActionServlet (Struts 1) and StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter (Struts 2).

    • Answer: ActionServlet (Struts 1) acts as the central controller, intercepting all requests and delegating them to appropriate Actions. StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter (Struts 2) performs a similar function but uses a filter-based approach, generally considered more flexible and efficient.

  6. What is an Action class in Struts?

    • Answer: An Action class (Struts 1 & 2) is a core component that processes user requests. It contains the business logic associated with a specific request and interacts with the model to retrieve or update data. It then selects the appropriate view to render.

  7. Explain the concept of ActionForm (Struts 1) and how it's different from model objects in Struts 2.

    • Answer: ActionForm (Struts 1) is used to encapsulate input data from the view. Struts 2 uses model objects directly, eliminating the need for a separate ActionForm. This improves code clarity and reduces redundancy.

  8. What are Interceptors in Struts 2?

    • Answer: Interceptors are pluggable components that perform actions before or after an Action is executed. They are used for tasks like authentication, logging, and input validation, promoting modularity and reusability.

  9. Explain the role of OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) in Struts 2.

    • Answer: OGNL is a powerful expression language used in Struts 2 for accessing and manipulating Java objects. It simplifies data binding between the view and the model.

  10. What is a ValueStack in Struts 2?

    • Answer: The ValueStack is a data structure in Struts 2 that holds the data objects required by the view. It facilitates easy access to data using OGNL expressions.

  11. How do you handle exceptions in Struts?

    • Answer: Struts provides mechanisms for exception handling, often using exception handlers or interceptors. These can log exceptions, display user-friendly error messages, and redirect to appropriate error pages.

  12. Explain Struts configuration files (struts.xml).

    • Answer: `struts.xml` (Struts 2) defines the application's configuration, including Action mappings, result types, interceptors, and other settings. It is an XML-based configuration file that controls the framework's behavior.

  13. How do you perform form validation in Struts?

    • Answer: Validation can be performed using either client-side JavaScript or server-side validation in Struts. Server-side validation typically involves using validation frameworks or custom validators within the Action class or via annotations (Struts 2).

  14. How do you handle file uploads in Struts?

    • Answer: Struts provides mechanisms for handling file uploads. This typically involves using specific input types in the form and processing the uploaded files within the Action class, often utilizing Apache Commons FileUpload.

  15. What are Tiles in Struts?

    • Answer: Tiles are a templating mechanism that allows you to define reusable UI components (like headers, footers, and sidebars) and assemble them into complete pages. This improves code reusability and maintainability.

  16. Explain the concept of Result Types in Struts 2.

    • Answer: Result types define how an Action responds to a request. Common result types include redirecting to another page, displaying a JSP, or returning JSON data.

  17. How do you integrate Struts with other technologies like Spring and Hibernate?

    • Answer: Integration with Spring is common for dependency injection and Inversion of Control. Hibernate integration is used for database interaction. This often involves configuring the frameworks to work together, potentially using Spring as a central container.

  18. What are some best practices for Struts development?

    • Answer: Best practices include using a clear MVC structure, following coding conventions, proper exception handling, using appropriate interceptors, and thoroughly testing the application.

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