QA Interview Questions and Answers for 5 years experience
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What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
- Answer: Verification confirms that we are building the product right (meeting specifications), while validation confirms that we are building the right product (meeting user needs).
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Explain the different testing levels.
- Answer: Testing levels include Unit, Integration, System, User Acceptance Testing (UAT), and Regression testing. Unit testing focuses on individual components; integration testing on the interaction between components; system testing on the entire system; UAT on the system's usability by end-users; and regression testing ensures that new code hasn't broken existing functionality.
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What is a Test Plan? What are its key components?
- Answer: A Test Plan is a document that describes the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of software testing activities. Key components include Test Strategy, Test Scope, Test Objectives, Test Schedule, Test Deliverables, Resource Allocation, and Risk Assessment.
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What is a Test Case? Give an example.
- Answer: A Test Case is a set of actions executed to verify a specific functionality or feature. Example: Test Case ID: TC_001; Test Case Name: Login Functionality; Steps: 1. Navigate to login page; 2. Enter valid username; 3. Enter valid password; 4. Click login button; Expected Result: User should be successfully logged in.
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What is a Test Suite?
- Answer: A Test Suite is a collection of related test cases organized for efficient execution. It can be categorized by functionality, module, or other criteria.
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What are different types of software testing?
- Answer: Many types exist, including Functional Testing (Unit, Integration, System, UAT), Non-Functional Testing (Performance, Security, Usability, Compatibility), and specialized testing like Regression, Smoke, Sanity, and Exploratory testing.
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Explain the difference between Black Box, White Box, and Grey Box testing.
- Answer: Black Box testing focuses on the functionality without knowledge of the internal code; White Box testing uses knowledge of the internal code to design test cases; Grey Box testing uses partial knowledge of the internal code structure.
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What is Agile Testing?
- Answer: Agile testing is a testing practice that aligns with the principles of Agile software development. It emphasizes continuous testing throughout the development lifecycle, close collaboration with developers, and frequent feedback loops.
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What is Test Driven Development (TDD)?
- Answer: TDD is a software development approach where test cases are written *before* the code. This ensures that the code meets the specified requirements and helps to improve code quality.
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What is the difference between a bug, a defect, and a failure?
- Answer: A defect is a flaw in the software code. A failure is when the software doesn't perform as expected due to a defect. A bug is an informal term often used interchangeably with defect.
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Explain the Bug Life Cycle.
- Answer: The Bug Life Cycle typically involves stages like: New, Assigned, Open, Resolved, Retest, Verified, Closed, and Reopened. Each stage represents the status of the bug as it moves through the reporting and resolution process.
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What is a Test Report?
- Answer: A Test Report summarizes the testing activities, including the scope, results, defects found, and overall status of the software. It provides a comprehensive overview of the testing process and its outcomes.
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What are some common testing tools you have used?
- Answer: (This answer will vary depending on experience. Examples include Selenium, Appium, JMeter, Postman, TestRail, Jira, etc.)
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How do you handle conflicting priorities with different stakeholders?
- Answer: By prioritizing based on risk assessment and business impact, collaborating with stakeholders to understand their needs, and documenting and escalating issues appropriately.
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Describe your experience with automation testing.
- Answer: (This answer should detail specific automation frameworks used, scripting languages, and the types of tests automated.)
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How do you prioritize test cases?
- Answer: Based on risk assessment (high-risk functionality tested first), business criticality, and frequency of use. Test cases covering core functionalities are prioritized over less critical features.
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How do you manage your time effectively during testing?
- Answer: By carefully planning, estimating efforts, utilizing time management techniques (like timeboxing), prioritizing tasks, and using defect tracking tools for efficient tracking.
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How do you handle bugs that are difficult to reproduce?
- Answer: By gathering detailed information from the user, recording steps meticulously, checking system logs, and collaborating with developers to try different scenarios and reproduce the issue.
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What are some metrics you use to measure the effectiveness of testing?
- Answer: Defect density, test coverage, testing efficiency, and the number of bugs found and fixed.
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Describe a time you had to deal with a challenging situation during testing. How did you handle it?
- Answer: (This answer should be a specific example from the candidate's experience, showcasing problem-solving skills and collaboration).
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What is your experience with performance testing?
- Answer: (This answer should detail experience with tools like JMeter or LoadRunner and the types of performance tests conducted.)
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What is your experience with security testing?
- Answer: (This answer should detail any experience with security testing methodologies, tools, and common vulnerabilities.)
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What is your preferred approach to exploratory testing?
- Answer: My approach involves combining session-based testing with test charters, focusing on risk areas, and using heuristics to guide the exploration of the software. I document my findings thoroughly.
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How do you stay up-to-date with the latest testing trends and technologies?
- Answer: Through online courses, industry conferences, webinars, reading blogs and articles, participating in online communities, and experimenting with new tools.
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What is your experience with different SDLC methodologies?
- Answer: (This answer should specify experience with Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, Kanban, etc.)
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What are your salary expectations?
- Answer: (This is a personal answer. Research the salary range for your location and experience level.)
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Why are you leaving your current job?
- Answer: (Be positive and focus on growth opportunities and new challenges. Avoid negative comments about your previous employer.)
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Why are you interested in this position?
- Answer: (Connect your skills and experience to the job description. Show genuine interest in the company and the team.)
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What are your strengths?
- Answer: (Highlight relevant strengths like problem-solving, attention to detail, communication, teamwork, etc.)
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What are your weaknesses?
- Answer: (Choose a weakness that is not critical for the job and explain how you are working to improve it.)
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Tell me about a time you failed. What did you learn from it?
- Answer: (Choose a relevant example and focus on the learning experience and how you improved.)
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Tell me about a time you had to work under pressure.
- Answer: (Describe a situation and highlight your ability to manage stress and deliver results.)
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Tell me about a time you had to work with a difficult team member.
- Answer: (Describe the situation, your approach, and the positive outcome.)
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How do you handle stress?
- Answer: (Explain your coping mechanisms, e.g., time management, exercise, breaks.)
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