QA Interview Questions and Answers for 2 years experience

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100 QA Interview Questions & Answers

  1. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?

    • Answer: Verification is the process of evaluating a system or component to determine whether the products of a given development phase satisfy the conditions imposed at the start of that phase. Validation is the process of evaluating a system or component during or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies specified requirements. In simpler terms, verification checks if you are building the product right, while validation checks if you are building the right product.

  2. Explain the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) models you are familiar with.

    • Answer: I'm familiar with Waterfall, Agile (Scrum, Kanban), and iterative models. Waterfall is a linear sequential approach. Agile emphasizes iterative development and collaboration. Scrum is a specific Agile framework with sprints and daily stand-ups. Kanban focuses on visualizing workflow and limiting work in progress. Iterative models involve repeated cycles of development and testing.

  3. Describe your experience with different testing types (e.g., functional, non-functional).

    • Answer: I have experience in functional testing including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. I've also performed non-functional testing such as performance testing (load, stress, endurance), security testing, usability testing, and compatibility testing. For example, in my previous role, I used JMeter for performance testing and conducted user acceptance testing sessions with clients.

  4. What is a test case? How do you write effective test cases?

    • Answer: A test case is a set of steps to be executed to verify a specific functionality or feature of the software. Effective test cases are clear, concise, and unambiguous. They should include a unique ID, test objective, preconditions, test steps, expected results, and postconditions. They should also cover both positive and negative scenarios and be easily repeatable.

  5. What is Test Plan and Test Strategy? What's the difference?

    • Answer: A test strategy is a high-level document that outlines the overall approach to testing a software product. It defines the testing scope, methodology, and resources. A test plan is a detailed document that describes how testing will be conducted for a specific project. It includes specific test cases, timelines, responsibilities, and deliverables. The strategy provides the "what" and "why," while the plan provides the "how" and "when."

  6. Explain the difference between black box testing and white box testing.

    • Answer: Black box testing focuses on the functionality of the software without knowledge of the internal code. White box testing, also known as clear box testing, involves testing the internal structure and code of the software. Black box methods include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, and decision table testing. White box methods include statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage.

  7. What is a bug life cycle? Describe the different states.

    • Answer: The bug life cycle is the process a bug goes through from its discovery to its resolution. States typically include: New, Assigned, Open, In Progress, Resolved, Retesting, Verified, Closed, and Reopened. Each state represents a stage in the bug's resolution process.

  8. What is the difference between Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing?

    • Answer: Smoke testing is a preliminary test to verify that the critical functionalities of the software are working correctly after a build. Sanity testing is a narrow, focused test to verify that a specific bug fix has not introduced new issues or broken existing functionality. Smoke testing is broader and more shallow; sanity testing is narrower and deeper.

  9. What is regression testing? Why is it important?

    • Answer: Regression testing is the process of re-running existing tests after making code changes to ensure that new code hasn't broken existing functionality. It's important to prevent unintended side effects of code changes and maintain software quality.

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