HTML Interview Questions and Answers for experienced

What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?

• Answer: HTML is a markup language with a forgiving syntax, allowing for some inconsistencies. XHTML is a stricter, XML-compliant version of HTML, requiring well-formedness and adherence to XML rules. Key differences include case sensitivity, mandatory closing tags for all elements, and the use of XML syntax for attributes.

Explain the purpose of the `DOCTYPE` declaration.

• Answer: The `DOCTYPE` declaration tells the web browser which version of HTML or XHTML the page is written in. This allows the browser to render the page correctly according to the specified standard, activating the appropriate rendering engine.

What are semantic HTML5 elements and why are they important?

• Answer: Semantic HTML5 elements (like `
  `, `

Describe the difference between `inline`, `block`, and `inline-block` elements.

• Answer: `inline` elements only take up as much width as necessary and flow horizontally within a line. `block` elements take up the full width available and always start on a new line. `inline-block` elements combine the properties of both; they flow horizontally like inline elements but can have width and height properties like block elements.

Explain the `box-model` in CSS and how it relates to HTML elements.

• Answer: The box model describes how an element is rendered visually. It consists of content (the element's actual content), padding (space between content and border), border (the element's border), and margin (space outside the border). Understanding the box model is crucial for accurate layout and styling of HTML elements.

How do you create a responsive web design using HTML and CSS?

• Answer: Responsive web design uses techniques like fluid grids, flexible images, media queries, and viewport meta tags. Fluid grids adjust column widths based on screen size, flexible images scale proportionally, and media queries apply different styles based on device characteristics.

What are HTML forms and how are they used? Give examples of input types.

• Answer: HTML forms allow users to submit data to a server. They use elements like `
  `, ``, ``, `<select>`, `<button>`, etc. Input types include `text`, `password`, `email`, `number`, `radio`, `checkbox`, `submit`, `file`, etc. The `<form>` element encapsulates the fields, and the `action` attribute specifies the URL to submit the data to.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Explain the importance of ARIA attributes in making websites accessible.</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Answer:</strong> ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes provide additional semantic information for assistive technologies like screen readers. They improve accessibility for users with disabilities by describing the role and state of elements that are not clearly understood by default.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>What is the purpose of the `<meta>` tag and its common attributes?</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Answer:</strong> The `<meta>` tag provides metadata about the HTML document, such as character set (`charset`), viewport settings (`name="viewport"`), description (`name="description"` for search engines), keywords, and author information. It doesn't affect the visible content but provides information to browsers and search engines.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>How do you embed images and videos in an HTML page?</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Answer:</strong> Images are embedded using the `<img>` tag with the `src` attribute specifying the image URL and optionally `alt` text for accessibility. Videos can be embedded using the `<video>` tag, specifying the video source(s) using `<source>` elements with different formats (MP4, WebM, etc.).</li> </ul> </li> <!-- ...Repeat similar structure for questions 11-100. 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