data communications analyst Interview Questions and Answers

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Data Communications Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

  1. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

    • Answer: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of data. It uses acknowledgments and retransmissions to ensure data integrity. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that offers faster transmission but doesn't guarantee delivery or order. It's suitable for applications where speed is prioritized over reliability, like streaming video.

  2. Explain the OSI model.

    • Answer: The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer performs specific functions, and data passes through all layers during communication.

  3. What is the role of a router?

    • Answer: A router forwards data packets between networks. It determines the best path for a packet to reach its destination based on routing tables and algorithms.

  4. What is a subnet mask?

    • Answer: A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that identifies the network portion and the host portion of an IP address. It helps routers determine which network a device belongs to.

  5. Explain the difference between IPv4 and IPv6.

    • Answer: IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. IPv6 provides a significantly larger address space, improved security features, and better auto-configuration capabilities compared to IPv4, which is running out of available addresses.

  6. What is DNS?

    • Answer: DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses that computers can understand. It's essential for browsing the internet.

  7. What are the different types of network topologies?

    • Answer: Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid. Each has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, performance, and scalability.

  8. Explain network security threats and how to mitigate them.

    • Answer: Common threats include malware, phishing, denial-of-service attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Mitigation strategies include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, strong passwords, security awareness training, and regular security audits.

  9. What is a VPN?

    • Answer: A VPN (Virtual Private Network) creates a secure, encrypted connection over a public network like the internet. It's used to protect sensitive data and bypass geographical restrictions.

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