Computer Science Interview Questions and Answers for 5 years experience

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100 Interview Questions for 5 Years Experience: Computer Science

  1. What is the difference between a process and a thread?

    • Answer: A process is an independent, self-contained execution environment, while a thread is a lightweight unit of execution within a process. Processes have their own memory space, while threads within the same process share memory, leading to faster communication but increased risk of race conditions. Processes are heavier to create and manage than threads.

  2. Explain the concept of polymorphism.

    • Answer: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type. This is achieved through inheritance and interfaces. It allows for writing more flexible and reusable code, as the same method call can have different behaviors depending on the object's type.

  3. What are the different types of database relationships?

    • Answer: Common database relationships include one-to-one (one record in table A relates to one record in table B), one-to-many (one record in table A relates to multiple records in table B), and many-to-many (multiple records in table A relate to multiple records in table B). Many-to-many relationships often require a junction table.

  4. Describe the different layers of the OSI model.

    • Answer: The OSI model consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer provides specific functionalities, allowing for modularity and standardization in network communication.

  5. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

    • Answer: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the foundation protocol for data communication on the web. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is HTTP with the addition of SSL/TLS encryption, providing secure communication by encrypting data transmitted between the client and the server.

  6. Explain the concept of RESTful APIs.

    • Answer: RESTful APIs (Representational State Transfer) are web APIs that adhere to architectural constraints like statelessness, client-server communication, caching, and a uniform interface using standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to interact with resources.

  7. What is Agile software development?

    • Answer: Agile is an iterative and incremental approach to software development emphasizing flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback. It uses short development cycles (sprints) and focuses on delivering working software frequently.

  8. What are some common design patterns?

    • Answer: Common design patterns include Singleton (ensuring only one instance of a class), Factory (creating objects without specifying the exact class), Observer (defining a one-to-many dependency between objects), and MVC (Model-View-Controller for separating concerns in applications).

  9. Explain the concept of Big O notation.

    • Answer: Big O notation describes the upper bound of the time or space complexity of an algorithm as the input size grows. It's used to analyze the efficiency of algorithms and compare their performance.

  10. What is the difference between a stack and a queue?

    • Answer: A stack follows the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) principle, like a stack of plates. A queue follows the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) principle, like a line at a store.

  11. Describe your experience with version control systems.

    • Answer: [Detailed answer describing experience with Git, SVN, or other version control systems, including branching, merging, conflict resolution, and collaborative workflows.]

  12. Explain your experience with a specific programming language (e.g., Java, Python, C++).

    • Answer: [Detailed answer showcasing understanding of the chosen language's features, libraries, and best practices, along with examples of projects where it was used.]

  13. How do you handle pressure and deadlines?

    • Answer: [Detailed answer explaining strategies for handling pressure, prioritizing tasks, and managing time effectively. Include specific examples.]

  14. Describe a challenging project you worked on and how you overcame the challenges.

    • Answer: [Detailed answer describing a challenging project, including the problem, the solution, the challenges faced, and the lessons learned.]

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