allergist/immunologist Interview Questions and Answers

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Allergist/Immunologist Interview Questions and Answers

  1. What are the most common allergies you treat?

    • Answer: The most common allergies I treat include allergic rhinitis (hay fever), food allergies (particularly to peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish), insect sting allergies, and atopic dermatitis (eczema). I also see patients with drug allergies and less common allergies like latex allergy.

  2. How do you diagnose allergies?

    • Answer: Allergy diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical exam, and allergy testing. Skin prick tests are a common method, where small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin. Blood tests (RAST or ImmunoCAP) can also measure allergen-specific IgE antibodies. In some cases, a food challenge may be necessary to confirm a food allergy under controlled conditions.

  3. What are some common treatments for allergies?

    • Answer: Treatment depends on the specific allergy and its severity. Common treatments include allergen avoidance, antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, immunotherapy (allergy shots), and in severe cases, epinephrine auto-injectors (like EpiPens).

  4. Explain the difference between an allergy and an intolerance.

    • Answer: An allergy involves an IgE-mediated immune response, resulting in a rapid and potentially severe reaction. An intolerance, on the other hand, is a non-immunological reaction that typically causes less severe symptoms, often digestive discomfort, and develops more slowly.

  5. What is anaphylaxis, and how is it treated?

    • Answer: Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue, hives, dizziness, and a drop in blood pressure. Treatment involves immediate administration of epinephrine (adrenaline), followed by supportive care such as oxygen and intravenous fluids. The patient needs immediate emergency medical attention.

  6. What is immunotherapy (allergy shots), and how does it work?

    • Answer: Immunotherapy involves gradually increasing doses of allergen extracts injected subcutaneously over time to desensitize the immune system. It aims to modify the immune response to the allergen, reducing symptoms and potentially leading to long-term relief. It's not suitable for everyone.

  7. How do you manage allergic reactions in children?

    • Answer: Managing allergies in children involves a similar approach to adults, but with a focus on age-appropriate medications and a strong emphasis on parental education and allergen avoidance strategies. Close monitoring for severe reactions is crucial.

  8. What are some common misconceptions about allergies?

    • Answer: Common misconceptions include believing that all allergies are outgrown, that allergy symptoms are just a minor inconvenience, and that home remedies are sufficient for severe allergies. It’s important to emphasize the importance of proper diagnosis and medical management.

  9. What is the role of genetics in allergies?

    • Answer: Genetics play a significant role. A family history of allergies significantly increases an individual's risk. However, it's not deterministic; environmental factors also contribute significantly.

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