Web Security Interview Questions and Answers for 10 years experience

1. What are the OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities and how would you mitigate each?

   • Answer: The OWASP Top 10 are a regularly updated list of the most critical web application security risks. Mitigation strategies vary depending on the specific implementation, but generally include:
     • Injection (SQL, XSS, etc.): Parameterized queries, input validation and sanitization, output encoding, least privilege access.
     • Broken Authentication: Strong password policies, multi-factor authentication (MFA), session management controls, regular security audits.
     • Sensitive Data Exposure: Encryption at rest and in transit, tokenization, access control restrictions, data loss prevention (DLP) tools.
     • XML External Entities (XXE): Disable external entity processing in XML parsers, validate XML input strictly.
     • Broken Access Control: Proper authorization checks at all levels, least privilege access, robust role-based access control (RBAC).
     • Security Misconfiguration: Follow security best practices for all frameworks and platforms, regularly update software and configurations, remove default credentials.
     • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Input validation and sanitization, output encoding, Content Security Policy (CSP), HTTPOnly cookies.
     • Insecure Deserialization: Avoid deserializing untrusted data, validate and sanitize data before deserialization, use secure serialization formats.
     • Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities: Regularly update dependencies, use vulnerability scanners to identify outdated components, utilize dependency management tools.
     • Insufficient Logging & Monitoring: Implement comprehensive logging, utilize Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, establish security monitoring and alerting.

2. Explain the difference between authentication and authorization.

   • Answer: Authentication verifies the *identity* of a user or system, while authorization determines what a user or system is *allowed* to access after successful authentication. Authentication answers "Who are you?", while authorization answers "What are you allowed to do?".

3. Describe your experience with penetration testing. What methodologies do you use?

   • Answer: [Insert detailed description of penetration testing experience, including methodologies like OWASP Testing Guide, PTES, etc., specific tools used, and examples of successful engagements. Quantify achievements where possible (e.g., "identified and mitigated X vulnerabilities leading to a Y% reduction in risk").]

4. What are some common web application attacks?

   • Answer: SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), Session Hijacking, Denial of Service (DoS), Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, Broken Authentication, Directory Traversal, File Inclusion, etc. [Elaborate on each with brief descriptions and examples].

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