Struts Interview Questions and Answers for 10 years experience

0
Struts Interview Questions (10 Years Experience)

  1. What is Struts?

    • Answer: Struts is a free, open-source framework for creating enterprise-level Java web applications. It follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, simplifying development and maintenance. It uses a plugin-based architecture for extending functionality.

  2. Explain the MVC architecture in the context of Struts.

    • Answer: In Struts, the Model represents the business logic and data, the View is responsible for presenting the data to the user (JSPs, for example), and the Controller (ActionServlet/Struts2's FilterDispatcher) manages user requests, interacts with the Model, and selects the appropriate View.

  3. What are the different versions of Struts you've worked with? What are the key differences?

    • Answer: (This answer will vary based on experience, but should include at least Struts 1 and Struts 2. Mention key differences like XML configuration vs. annotations, the ActionServlet vs. FilterDispatcher, OGNL expression language in Struts 2, and improved performance and features in Struts 2.) For example: "I've worked extensively with Struts 1 and Struts 2. Struts 1 relies heavily on XML configuration files for mapping requests to actions, while Struts 2 utilizes annotations for a more concise and flexible configuration. Struts 2 also introduced significant improvements in terms of performance and features like interceptors and OGNL."

  4. Explain the role of ActionServlet (Struts 1) or FilterDispatcher (Struts 2).

    • Answer: ActionServlet (Struts 1) or FilterDispatcher (Struts 2) acts as the central controller in the framework. It intercepts incoming requests, determines the appropriate Action to execute based on configuration, executes the Action, and selects the appropriate view to render the response.

  5. What are Struts Actions and how do they work?

    • Answer: Actions are the heart of Struts' controller component. They handle user requests, process data (often interacting with the Model), and determine which view to display. In Struts 1, they extend the `Action` class; in Struts 2, they can be plain Java classes.

  6. Explain the concept of Interceptors in Struts 2.

    • Answer: Interceptors are pieces of code that are executed before or after an Action is invoked. They provide a mechanism for adding cross-cutting concerns like logging, security, or data validation without modifying the Action class directly.

  7. How do you handle exceptions in Struts?

    • Answer: Exception handling in Struts can involve using exception handlers (Struts 1) or exception mapping in Struts 2's configuration or using interceptors. This allows you to gracefully handle errors and display user-friendly error messages instead of stack traces.

  8. What are ValueStack and OGNL in Struts 2?

    • Answer: The ValueStack is a data structure that holds the data needed by the view. OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) is an expression language used to access and manipulate data within the ValueStack, allowing easy access to objects and their properties in JSPs.

  9. Explain Struts Tiles.

    • Answer: Struts Tiles is a templating framework that allows you to create reusable UI components (tiles). These tiles can be assembled to create complete pages, promoting consistency and reducing code duplication.

  10. How do you perform data validation in Struts?

    • Answer: Data validation in Struts can be done using validators defined in the configuration (Struts 1) or using annotations and validation frameworks (Struts 2, often with frameworks like Hibernate Validator).

  11. How do you handle file uploads in Struts?

    • Answer: File uploads are handled using specific functionalities within the framework. Struts provides mechanisms for receiving the uploaded file data and saving it to the desired location. (Describe specific implementations in Struts 1 and Struts 2.)

  12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Struts?

    • Answer: Advantages include a well-defined MVC architecture, ease of development, a large community, and extensive documentation. Disadvantages might include being considered somewhat dated compared to newer frameworks, a steeper learning curve for beginners, and potential complexities in configuration (especially Struts 1).

  13. How do you integrate Struts with other technologies like Spring and Hibernate?

    • Answer: Explain how Spring can be used for dependency injection and managing the lifecycle of Struts components. Explain how Hibernate can be integrated to handle database interactions. Describe how these integrations improve application architecture and maintainability.

  14. Explain the concept of ActionMapping in Struts 1.

    • Answer: ActionMapping in Struts 1 is a central part of the framework's configuration. It maps incoming requests (URLs) to specific Actions, defining properties like the path, input form, and success/failure views for each action.

  15. How do you implement internationalization (i18n) in Struts applications?

    • Answer: Describe using resource bundles to manage localized text and how Struts facilitates switching between different locales based on user preferences.

Thank you for reading our blog post on 'Struts Interview Questions and Answers for 10 years experience'.We hope you found it informative and useful.Stay tuned for more insightful content!