Salesforce Lightning Interview Questions and Answers for 5 years experience

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Salesforce Lightning Interview Questions & Answers

  1. What is Salesforce Lightning? What are its key advantages over Salesforce Classic?

    • Answer: Salesforce Lightning is a modern, user-friendly interface and framework for building applications on the Salesforce platform. Key advantages over Classic include a responsive design (adapts to different screen sizes), a faster and more intuitive user experience, enhanced mobile capabilities, ease of customization with components and Lightning Web Components (LWC), and the ability to leverage modern development tools and technologies.

  2. Explain the difference between Aura and Lightning Web Components (LWC).

    • Answer: Aura components are the original framework for building Lightning components. They are based on JavaScript and use a proprietary framework. LWC, on the other hand, uses modern web standards like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS, offering better performance, improved developer experience (familiarity with standard web technologies), and enhanced testability. LWC is generally recommended for new development.

  3. What are Lightning Web Components (LWC)? Describe their lifecycle methods.

    • Answer: LWCs are custom components built using standard web technologies. Their lifecycle methods include: `connectedCallback` (component is inserted into the DOM), `renderedCallback` (component is rendered), `disconnectedCallback` (component is removed from the DOM), `errorCallback` (handles errors), and `render()` (renders the component's UI). These methods allow developers to control what happens at different stages of the component's existence.

  4. How do you handle data in LWC? Explain the use of `@wire` and `@api`.

    • Answer: LWCs use the `@wire` decorator to access data from Apex methods or other Salesforce data sources. `@wire` efficiently fetches and manages data, handling loading and error states. The `@api` decorator exposes properties or methods of a component for use by its parent component, facilitating communication between components.

  5. Describe the different types of Lightning components.

    • Answer: Lightning components can be broadly classified as: LWCs (Lightning Web Components), Aura Components (older framework), and standard components (pre-built components provided by Salesforce). Within these categories, there are different types of components based on functionality (e.g., record pages, custom cards, and utility components).

  6. Explain how you would implement a custom Lightning component to display a list of Accounts.

    • Answer: I would create an LWC. The LWC would use `@wire` to call an Apex method that queries the Account object. The Apex method would return a list of Accounts. The LWC would then iterate over the list and display the Account details using HTML and JavaScript within the `render()` method. Error handling and loading states would be incorporated using the lifecycle methods.

  7. How do you handle events in Lightning Web Components?

    • Answer: LWCs use custom events to communicate between components. A child component dispatches a custom event, and a parent component listens for that event using an event handler. This allows for data flow and interaction between components.

  8. What is the purpose of a Lightning App Builder?

    • Answer: The Lightning App Builder is a drag-and-drop interface used to create custom pages and apps within Salesforce. It allows users to add Lightning components to create custom user experiences without extensive coding.

  9. Explain the concept of Lightning Data Service (LDS).

    • Answer: LDS is a framework for accessing and managing data within Lightning components. It provides an efficient way to interact with Salesforce data, handling caching and data updates automatically. It's largely superseded by the `@wire` service in LWC.

  10. How would you debug a Lightning component?

    • Answer: I would use the browser's developer tools (e.g., Chrome DevTools) to inspect the component, set breakpoints in the JavaScript code, and examine the console for errors or warnings. The Salesforce debugger can also be used to debug Apex code called by the component. Using `console.log()` for logging data during development is also helpful.

  11. How familiar are you with Salesforce DX?

    • Answer: I am [Level of familiarity: e.g., very familiar, familiar, somewhat familiar] with Salesforce DX. I understand its use in source control management, automated deployments, and streamlined development workflows.

  12. What are some best practices for developing Lightning components?

    • Answer: Best practices include using LWC over Aura, following component best practices, writing testable code, using version control (Git), optimizing performance, adhering to Salesforce coding standards, and thoroughly testing the components before deployment. Following a modular design approach is key for maintainability and reusability.

  13. Describe your experience with Lightning Flows.

    • Answer: I have [Level of experience] experience with Lightning Flows. I'm comfortable creating [Types of flows: e.g., screen flows, autolaunched flows, record-triggered flows] to automate processes and improve user experiences. I can design flows with various elements such as decisions, loops, and integrations with other systems.

  14. How do you handle internationalization in Lightning components?

    • Answer: I utilize Salesforce's translation workbench and employ best practices for storing translated text in custom labels and metadata. Within the LWC, I use `$Label` to access these translated labels dynamically, ensuring that the component displays the correct language based on the user's locale settings.

  15. Explain your experience with Lightning Experience Themes.

    • Answer: I have [Level of experience] experience customizing Lightning Experience themes to match branding requirements. I'm familiar with adjusting colors, fonts, and logos to create a cohesive user experience that reflects the company's visual identity.

  16. How do you implement accessibility in Lightning components?

    • Answer: I prioritize accessibility by using appropriate ARIA attributes, ensuring sufficient color contrast, providing alternative text for images, and adhering to WCAG guidelines. I also test the components using assistive technologies such as screen readers.

  17. What is your experience with performance optimization in Lightning components?

    • Answer: I optimize performance by minimizing network requests, using efficient data handling techniques (e.g., limiting data fetched), optimizing code for better execution speed, leveraging lazy loading, and minimizing unnecessary DOM manipulations.

  18. Describe your approach to testing Lightning components.

    • Answer: My testing strategy involves unit tests using Jest and testing frameworks for LWCs, integration testing to verify the interaction between components, and user acceptance testing (UAT) to ensure the components meet user requirements. I also employ code coverage analysis to track test effectiveness.

  19. How do you handle errors and exceptions in Lightning components?

    • Answer: I utilize `try...catch` blocks to handle exceptions within JavaScript code. I also leverage the error handling capabilities of `@wire` to gracefully manage data fetching errors and display appropriate messages to the user.

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