Python Coding Interview Questions and Answers for 10 years experience

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100 Python Interview Questions & Answers (10 Years Experience)

  1. What are the differences between lists and tuples in Python?

    • Answer: Lists are mutable (changeable), ordered sequences, while tuples are immutable (unchangeable), ordered sequences. Lists are defined using square brackets `[]`, and tuples are defined using parentheses `()`. Lists are generally used when you need to modify the collection, while tuples are better for representing fixed collections of data. Tuples are slightly more memory-efficient than lists.

  2. Explain the concept of list comprehension in Python. Give an example.

    • Answer: List comprehension provides a concise way to create lists. It allows you to generate a new list by applying an expression to each item in an iterable (like a list or tuple). For example, to create a list of squares of numbers from 1 to 10: `squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 11)]`. This is more efficient and readable than using a traditional `for` loop.

  3. What are generators in Python and how do they differ from functions that return lists?

    • Answer: Generators are functions that produce a sequence of values one at a time, using the `yield` keyword. Unlike functions that return a complete list at once, generators produce values on demand. This makes them memory-efficient for dealing with large datasets, as they don't need to store the entire sequence in memory. Generators are iterators, meaning they can be used in `for` loops.

  4. Explain the concept of decorators in Python and provide a simple example.

    • Answer: Decorators are a powerful and expressive feature in Python that allows you to modify or enhance functions and methods in a clean and readable way. They are implemented using the `@` symbol followed by the decorator function. A simple example is a decorator to log function calls: ```python import functools def log_call(func): @functools.wraps(func) # Preserves metadata of original function def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): print(f"Calling function: {func.__name__}") result = func(*args, **kwargs) print(f"Function {func.__name__} returned: {result}") return result return wrapper @log_call def add(a, b): return a + b add(5, 3) ```

  5. What is the difference between `==` and `is` in Python?

    • Answer: `==` compares the values of two objects, while `is` compares the object identities (memory addresses). Two objects can have the same value but different identities. For example, `[1, 2] == [1, 2]` is `True`, but `[1, 2] is [1, 2]` is `False` because they are two different list objects in memory. `is` is generally used to check if two variables point to the same object.

  • Describe your experience with different Python frameworks (e.g., Django, Flask, Pyramid).

    • Answer: [Detailed description of experience with each framework used, including specific projects and technologies used. Quantify achievements where possible.]

  • How do you handle exceptions in Python? Explain different exception handling techniques.

    • Answer: [Detailed explanation of `try...except...finally` blocks, different types of exceptions, custom exception classes, and best practices for exception handling.]

  • Explain the concept of polymorphism in Python.

    • Answer: [Explain polymorphism, how it's achieved through inheritance and duck typing in Python, and give examples.]

  • What are your preferred methods for debugging Python code?

    • Answer: [Discuss use of print statements, debuggers (like pdb), logging, IDE debugging tools, and strategies for effective debugging.]

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