Next.js Interview Questions and Answers for 2 years experience

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Next.js Interview Questions & Answers

  1. What is Next.js and why would you choose it over a traditional React application?

    • Answer: Next.js is a React framework for building web applications. It offers features like server-side rendering (SSR), static site generation (SSG), API routes, file-system routing, and optimized performance, leading to improved SEO, faster load times, and better user experience compared to traditional React apps which rely solely on client-side rendering. Choosing Next.js is beneficial when SEO, performance, and developer experience are prioritized.

  2. Explain the difference between Static Site Generation (SSG), Server-Side Rendering (SSR), and Client-Side Rendering (CSR).

    • Answer: SSG generates the entire HTML at build time. SSR generates the HTML on each request from the server. CSR generates the HTML in the user's browser. SSG is best for static content, SSR for dynamic content that doesn't change frequently, and CSR for highly dynamic content that needs frequent updates.

  3. How do you implement API routes in Next.js? What are their benefits?

    • Answer: API routes are created by placing files in the `pages/api` directory. They are handled by Next.js's built-in server and allow you to create serverless functions directly within your Next.js project. Benefits include simplified backend development, improved security, and easy integration with the frontend.

  4. Explain the concept of data fetching in Next.js. Discuss `getStaticProps`, `getStaticPaths`, and `getServerSideProps`.

    • Answer: Next.js provides several ways to fetch data: `getStaticProps` fetches data at build time (SSG), `getStaticPaths` is used with `getStaticProps` to pre-render pages with dynamic routes, and `getServerSideProps` fetches data on each request (SSR). The choice depends on how frequently your data changes and the need for dynamic content.

  5. How does Next.js handle routing?

    • Answer: Next.js uses file-system routing. Pages are placed in the `pages` directory, and the file path determines the route. This makes routing simple and intuitive.

  6. Describe the role of `_app.js` and `_document.js` in a Next.js application.

    • Answer: `_app.js` is the global component that wraps every page in your application, allowing you to add global styles, state management, or custom providers. `_document.js` allows you to customize the HTML head of your application, impacting meta tags, scripts, and styles.

  7. How would you implement image optimization in a Next.js application?

    • Answer: Next.js provides built-in image optimization through the `Image` component. This component automatically optimizes images for different screen sizes and formats, improving performance and reducing load times. It also handles responsive images and lazy loading.

  8. Explain how to implement authentication in a Next.js application.

    • Answer: Authentication can be implemented using various methods, including using a third-party authentication service (like Auth0, Firebase), building a custom authentication system using API routes and a database, or leveraging session management with cookies and JWTs.

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