Go Interview Questions and Answers for internship

1. What is Go?

   • Answer: Go, also known as Golang, is a statically-typed, compiled programming language designed at Google. It's known for its simplicity, efficiency, concurrency features (goroutines and channels), and strong standard library.

2. What are goroutines?

   • Answer: Goroutines are lightweight, concurrently executing functions in Go. They are managed by the Go runtime and are much cheaper than OS threads, allowing for highly concurrent programs.

3. Explain channels in Go.

   • Answer: Channels are typed conduits used to send and receive data between goroutines. They provide a safe and synchronized way for goroutines to communicate and share data, preventing race conditions.

4. What is the purpose of the `select` statement?

   • Answer: The `select` statement allows a goroutine to wait on multiple channels simultaneously. It's crucial for handling multiple communication events concurrently.

5. How does Go handle memory management?

   • Answer: Go uses garbage collection to automatically manage memory. The garbage collector reclaims memory that is no longer in use, preventing memory leaks.

6. What are interfaces in Go?

   • Answer: Interfaces define a set of method signatures. Any type that implements these methods implicitly satisfies the interface. This enables polymorphism and loose coupling.

7. Explain the difference between `==` and `!=` operators.

   • Answer: `==` checks for equality, while `!=` checks for inequality. The behavior depends on the type of data being compared (e.g., for structs, it checks field-by-field equality).

8. What is a pointer in Go?

   • Answer: A pointer is a variable that holds the memory address of another variable. It allows for direct manipulation of the value at that address.

9. How do you handle errors in Go?

   • Answer: Go uses multiple return values to handle errors. Functions often return an error value along with the result. Error checking is explicitly done using `if err != nil`.

10. What are defer statements?

    • Answer: `defer` statements schedule a function call to be executed when the surrounding function returns. This is often used for cleanup actions like closing files or releasing resources.

11. Explain the concept of immutability in Go.

    • Answer: Immutability means a variable's value cannot be changed after it's created. In Go, strings and some other types are immutable. When you modify a string, you're actually creating a new string.

12. What are structs in Go?

    • Answer: Structs are user-defined data types that group together fields of different types. They are similar to classes in object-oriented languages but without methods.

13. Describe the use of `make` and `new` functions.

    • Answer: `new` allocates memory and returns a pointer to a zeroed value of the specified type. `make` allocates memory for slices, maps, and channels and initializes them to an empty state.

14. What are the different data types in Go?

    • Answer: Go has various data types including integers (int, int8, int16, etc.), floats (float32, float64), complex numbers, booleans (bool), strings (string), arrays, slices, maps, and structs.

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