`.
What is responsive web design?
Answer: Responsive web design ensures a website adapts its layout to different screen sizes and devices (desktops, tablets, smartphones) using techniques like fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries.
Explain the difference between inline, block, and inline-block elements.
Answer: Inline elements only take up as much width as necessary, flow within a line. Block elements take up the full width available, starting on a new line. Inline-block elements combine aspects of both, allowing width and height control while flowing within a line.
What is the purpose of the `DOCTYPE` declaration?
Answer: The `DOCTYPE` declaration tells the browser which version of HTML the document uses, enabling it to render the page correctly according to the specified standard (e.g., HTML5).
What are CSS selectors? Give examples.
Answer: CSS selectors target specific HTML elements to apply styles. Examples include element selectors (e.g., `p`), class selectors (e.g., `.myClass`), ID selectors (e.g., `#myID`), and more complex selectors like combinators (+, >, ~).
How do you include an external CSS stylesheet in an HTML document?
Answer: Use the `
What is the difference between `let`, `const`, and `var` in JavaScript?
Answer: `var` has function scope (or global if not within a function), `let` and `const` have block scope. `const` declares a constant whose value cannot be reassigned after initialization; `let` allows reassignment.
Explain the concept of event handling in JavaScript.
Answer: Event handling involves responding to user interactions (clicks, mouseovers, key presses) or other events. JavaScript allows you to attach functions (event listeners) to elements, triggering actions when specific events occur.
What is DOM manipulation?
Answer: DOM (Document Object Model) manipulation refers to using JavaScript to modify the structure, style, or content of a web page's HTML. It's fundamental for creating dynamic web interfaces.
What is AJAX and why is it used?
Answer: AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) allows web pages to update asynchronously, without requiring a full page reload. This enhances user experience by making websites feel more responsive and interactive.
What are JavaScript frameworks or libraries? Name a few popular ones.
Answer: JavaScript frameworks and libraries provide pre-built components and functionalities to simplify web development. Popular examples include React, Angular, Vue.js, jQuery.
Explain the difference between GET and POST requests.
Answer: GET requests append data to the URL, visible in the address bar. POST requests send data in the request body, typically used for sensitive information or larger data sets.
What is a RESTful API?
Answer: A RESTful API (Representational State Transfer) follows architectural constraints to create a simple and scalable web service using standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
What is version control and why is it important?
Answer: Version control (e.g., Git) tracks changes to code over time, allowing developers to collaborate effectively, revert to previous versions, and manage different branches of development.
What is Git? What are some common Git commands?
Answer: Git is a distributed version control system. Common commands include `git clone`, `git add`, `git commit`, `git push`, `git pull`, `git branch`, `git merge`.
What is debugging? Describe your debugging process.
Answer: Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in code. My process involves using browser developer tools, setting breakpoints, stepping through code, inspecting variables, and using console logging to track values and identify the source of issues.
What are some common HTTP status codes and their meanings?
Answer: 200 OK (successful request), 404 Not Found (resource not found), 500 Internal Server Error (server-side error).
What is the difference between a local and a remote repository?
Answer: A local repository is a copy of the project on your computer. A remote repository is a copy hosted on a server (like GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket).
What is the importance of website accessibility?
Answer: Website accessibility ensures that people with disabilities can access and use the website. This includes considerations for screen readers, keyboard navigation, and proper contrast.
Explain the concept of SEO (Search Engine Optimization).
Answer: SEO involves techniques to improve a website's ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs) by optimizing content, structure, and technical aspects for better visibility.
What is a web server?
Answer: A web server is a software program that serves content (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images) to users over the internet via HTTP requests.
What is a database? What are some common database systems?
Answer: A database is an organized collection of structured information. Common systems include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB (NoSQL).
What is SQL?
Answer: SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to communicate with and manage relational databases. It allows you to insert, update, delete, and retrieve data.
What is a cookie?
Answer: A cookie is a small piece of data stored by a website on a user's browser, often used to remember preferences, track sessions, or personalize the experience.
What is local storage? How does it differ from session storage?
Answer: Local storage persists data even after the browser is closed, while session storage only persists data for the duration of the browser session. Both are client-side storage mechanisms.
What is JSON?
Answer: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format commonly used to transmit data between a server and a web application.
What is XML?
Answer: XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language used to store and transport data. It is more verbose than JSON but offers more flexibility in defining custom tags.
Describe your experience with a version control system.
Answer: [Describe your experience with Git or other VCS, mentioning specific commands used, workflows followed, and any challenges overcome.]
Describe your experience working on a team project.
Answer: [Describe your experience collaborating on projects, highlighting your communication skills, ability to work with others, and contributions to the team.]
How do you handle pressure and tight deadlines?
Answer: [Describe your approach to managing pressure, including prioritization techniques, time management strategies, and seeking help when needed.]
How do you stay up-to-date with the latest web development technologies?
Answer: [Describe your methods for continuous learning, including following blogs, attending conferences, participating in online communities, and engaging in personal projects.]
What are your strengths and weaknesses as a web developer?
Answer: [Honestly assess your strengths and weaknesses, providing specific examples. Frame weaknesses as areas for growth.]
Why are you interested in this position?
Answer: [Explain your interest in the specific role and company, highlighting how your skills and interests align with their needs and values.]
What are your salary expectations?
Answer: [Research the average salary for entry-level web developers in your area and provide a reasonable range.]
Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
Answer: [Express your career aspirations, demonstrating ambition and a commitment to professional growth.]
Do you have any questions for me?
Answer: [Ask thoughtful questions about the role, team, company culture, projects, or technologies used.]
Explain the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming.
Answer: Inheritance allows a class (child class) to inherit properties and methods from another class (parent class), promoting code reusability and establishing relationships between classes.
What is polymorphism?
Answer: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type. It enables flexibility in using objects without needing to know their specific class.
What is encapsulation?
Answer: Encapsulation bundles data and methods that operate on that data within a class, protecting data integrity and promoting modularity.
What is an API?
Answer: An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and specifications that software programs can follow to communicate with each other.
What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous programming?
Answer: Synchronous programming executes tasks sequentially, one after another. Asynchronous programming executes tasks concurrently, allowing other tasks to proceed while one is waiting.
What is a promise in JavaScript?
Answer: A promise represents the eventual result of an asynchronous operation. It can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected.
What is async/await?
Answer: Async/await makes asynchronous code look and behave a bit more like synchronous code, improving readability and maintainability.
What is a callback function?
Answer: A callback function is a function passed as an argument to another function, which is then executed after the first function completes its task.
What is a closure?
Answer: A closure is a function that has access to variables from its surrounding scope, even after that scope has finished executing.
What is a module in JavaScript?
Answer: A module is a self-contained unit of code that can be imported and used in other modules, promoting code organization and reusability.
Explain the difference between `==` and `===` in JavaScript.
Answer: `==` performs loose equality comparison, while `===` performs strict equality comparison (type and value must be the same).
What is a regular expression?
Answer: A regular expression is a pattern used to match and manipulate strings. They are powerful tools for text processing.
What is an event loop in JavaScript?
Answer: The event loop is a mechanism that processes asynchronous events in JavaScript's single-threaded environment, handling callbacks and ensuring responsiveness.
What is the difference between `null` and `undefined` in JavaScript?
Answer: `null` is an assignment value indicating the intentional absence of a value. `undefined` indicates a variable has been declared but has not been assigned a value.
What is a ternary operator?
Answer: The ternary operator (`condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false`) provides a concise way to write conditional expressions.
What is hoisting in JavaScript?
Answer: Hoisting is JavaScript's behavior of moving variable and function declarations to the top of their scope before code execution.
What is the purpose of the `this` keyword in JavaScript?
Answer: The `this` keyword refers to the current context in which a function is executed. Its value can vary depending on how the function is called.
Explain how to handle errors in JavaScript.
Answer: Use `try...catch` blocks to handle potential errors, preventing the script from crashing. You can also use `throw` to explicitly throw errors.
What is a design pattern? Give an example.
Answer: A design pattern is a reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. Examples include Model-View-Controller (MVC), Singleton, Factory.
What is the difference between an array and an object in JavaScript?
Answer: Arrays are ordered collections of items accessed by index. Objects are collections of key-value pairs accessed by key.
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