can tester Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is software testing?

   • Answer: Software testing is a process used to identify the correctness, completeness, and quality of developed computer software. It involves evaluating the software against requirements and expectations to find defects and ensure it functions as intended.

2. Explain the difference between verification and validation.

   • Answer: Verification is the process of evaluating the software at each stage of development to ensure it meets the specified requirements. Validation is the process of evaluating the software at the end of the development process to ensure it meets the user's needs and expectations.

3. What are the different levels of software testing?

   • Answer: Different levels include Unit testing (individual modules), Integration testing (interactions between modules), System testing (entire system), Acceptance testing (user acceptance), Regression testing (after code changes).

4. What is the difference between black-box testing and white-box testing?

   • Answer: Black-box testing focuses on the functionality without knowing the internal code structure. White-box testing involves examining the internal code structure and logic to design test cases.

5. What are some common black-box testing techniques?

   • Answer: Equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision table testing, state transition testing, use case testing.

6. What are some common white-box testing techniques?

   • Answer: Statement coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, condition coverage.

7. What is test-driven development (TDD)?

   • Answer: TDD is a software development approach where tests are written *before* the code. The developer first writes a failing test, then writes the minimum amount of code to pass the test, and finally refactors the code.

8. What is a test case?

   • Answer: A test case is a set of actions executed to verify a specific functionality or feature of the software. It typically includes preconditions, inputs, steps, expected results, and postconditions.

9. What is a test plan?

   • Answer: A test plan is a document that describes the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of software testing activities. It serves as a guide for the testing team.

10. What is a test suite?

    • Answer: A test suite is a collection of test cases that are grouped together to test a specific module, feature, or aspect of the software.

11. What is a bug/defect?

    • Answer: A bug or defect is a flaw in the software that causes it to behave unexpectedly or incorrectly. It can range from minor cosmetic issues to critical functionality failures.

12. What is a bug report/defect report?

    • Answer: A bug report is a formal document that describes a bug or defect found during software testing. It includes details like steps to reproduce, actual results, expected results, severity, and priority.

13. Explain the difference between severity and priority.

    • Answer: Severity refers to the impact of the bug on the software's functionality. Priority indicates the urgency with which the bug should be fixed.

14. What is regression testing?

    • Answer: Regression testing is the process of re-testing the software after changes (e.g., bug fixes, new features) to ensure that existing functionality hasn't been broken.

15. What is integration testing?

    • Answer: Integration testing verifies the interaction between different modules or components of the software.

16. What is unit testing?

    • Answer: Unit testing focuses on testing individual units or modules of the software in isolation.

17. What is system testing?

    • Answer: System testing is the process of testing the entire integrated system to ensure it meets the specified requirements.

18. What is acceptance testing?

    • Answer: Acceptance testing is performed by the end-users or clients to determine whether the software meets their requirements and is ready for deployment.

19. What is performance testing?

    • Answer: Performance testing evaluates the responsiveness, stability, scalability, and resource usage of the software under various load conditions.

20. What is load testing?

    • Answer: Load testing is a type of performance testing that simulates the expected user load on the system to determine its behavior under normal conditions.

21. What is stress testing?

    • Answer: Stress testing pushes the system beyond its expected limits to determine its breaking point and identify bottlenecks.

22. What is security testing?

    • Answer: Security testing aims to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the software that could be exploited by malicious actors.

23. What is usability testing?

    • Answer: Usability testing evaluates how easy and intuitive the software is to use for its intended users.

24. What is compatibility testing?

    • Answer: Compatibility testing verifies that the software functions correctly on different hardware, software platforms, and browsers.

25. What is exploratory testing?

    • Answer: Exploratory testing is a simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution process. It's less structured than scripted testing and relies on the tester's expertise and experience.

26. What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?

    • Answer: Static testing involves reviewing documents and code without executing the software (e.g., code reviews, inspections). Dynamic testing involves executing the software to identify defects (e.g., unit, integration, system testing).

27. What is the software development life cycle (SDLC)?

    • Answer: The SDLC is a structured process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying software. Common models include Waterfall, Agile, Spiral, and V-model.

28. What is Agile testing?

    • Answer: Agile testing is an iterative approach to software testing that aligns with Agile development principles. Testing is integrated throughout the development process, with continuous feedback and adaptation.

29. What are some common Agile methodologies?

    • Answer: Scrum, Kanban, Extreme Programming (XP).

30. What is a test environment?

    • Answer: A test environment is a setup that mimics the production environment as closely as possible, allowing testers to run tests without affecting live data or systems.

31. What is a bug tracking system?

    • Answer: A bug tracking system is a software tool used to manage and track bugs or defects found during software testing. Examples include Jira, Bugzilla, and Mantis.

32. What is risk-based testing?

    • Answer: Risk-based testing prioritizes testing efforts based on the identified risks to the software. Higher-risk areas receive more testing attention.

33. What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing?

    • Answer: Functional testing verifies that the software functions according to its specifications. Non-functional testing assesses aspects like performance, security, usability, and compatibility.

34. What is automation testing?

    • Answer: Automation testing uses tools and scripts to automate the execution of test cases, reducing manual effort and improving efficiency.

35. What are some popular automation testing tools?

    • Answer: Selenium, Appium, Cypress, JUnit, TestNG, pytest.

36. What is the difference between positive and negative testing?

    • Answer: Positive testing verifies that the software works as expected with valid inputs. Negative testing checks how the software handles invalid or unexpected inputs.

37. What is a test report?

    • Answer: A test report summarizes the results of the testing process, including the number of tests executed, defects found, and overall software quality.

38. How do you handle conflicting priorities in testing?

    • Answer: By prioritizing based on risk, business impact, and available resources. Communication with stakeholders is key to resolving conflicts.

39. How do you deal with a difficult stakeholder?

    • Answer: By maintaining professional communication, clearly explaining testing processes and findings, and actively seeking compromise and solutions.

40. How do you stay up-to-date with the latest testing trends and technologies?

    • Answer: Through continuous learning, attending conferences and webinars, reading industry publications, and participating in online communities.

41. Describe your experience with different testing methodologies.

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer based on the candidate's experience. Mention specific methodologies used and projects where they were applied.)

42. Tell me about a time you found a critical bug. How did you handle it?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Describe the situation, steps taken to identify and report the bug, and the outcome.)

43. Tell me about a time you had to work under pressure.

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Describe a situation, the pressure experienced, and how it was managed.)

44. Tell me about a time you had to work with a challenging team member.

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Describe the situation and how the challenge was addressed professionally.)

45. Why are you interested in this position?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Mention specific aspects of the role and company that are appealing.)

46. What are your salary expectations?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer based on research and experience.)

47. What are your strengths?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Focus on relevant strengths for a software tester, such as attention to detail, analytical skills, problem-solving skills, and teamwork.)

48. What are your weaknesses?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Choose a genuine weakness and explain how you are working to improve it.)

49. Where do you see yourself in five years?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Show ambition and career goals within the testing field.)

50. Why did you choose a career in software testing?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Explain your motivation and interest in the field.)

51. What is your experience with different types of databases?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Mention specific database systems you've worked with, such as SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, etc.)

52. Explain your experience with API testing.

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Describe your experience with API testing tools and methodologies.)

53. How familiar are you with different testing frameworks?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Mention specific testing frameworks like JUnit, TestNG, pytest, etc., and your level of experience with them.)

54. How do you prioritize test cases when you have limited time?

    • Answer: Prioritize based on risk, critical functionality, and business impact. Use risk-based testing techniques.

55. What is your experience with version control systems like Git?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Describe your experience with Git or other version control systems.)

56. Describe your experience with defect tracking and management.

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Mention specific defect tracking tools and your experience with the defect lifecycle.)

57. How do you handle situations where you disagree with a developer's assessment of a bug?

    • Answer: I would professionally present my findings with evidence and data, fostering collaboration to find a resolution.

58. What is your approach to learning new testing tools and techniques?

    • Answer: I am a proactive learner; I utilize online resources, documentation, and training materials to quickly adapt to new technologies.

59. Describe a time you had to adapt to a significant change in a project.

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Describe the change and how you adapted your approach.)

60. How do you ensure that your testing is thorough and covers all aspects of the software?

    • Answer: By utilizing various testing techniques, creating comprehensive test plans, and collaborating with developers to ensure complete coverage.

61. What is your preferred method for documenting test cases?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Mention specific tools or methods, like spreadsheets, test management tools, etc.)

62. How do you manage your time effectively when working on multiple projects simultaneously?

    • Answer: I prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance, utilize project management techniques, and communicate effectively with stakeholders.

63. What are your thoughts on using AI in software testing?

    • Answer: AI can automate repetitive tasks and enhance efficiency, but human expertise remains crucial for critical thinking and complex problem-solving.

64. Describe your understanding of accessibility testing.

    • Answer: Accessibility testing ensures that software is usable by people with disabilities, adhering to guidelines like WCAG.

65. What is your experience with performance testing tools?

    • Answer: (This requires a personalized answer. Mention specific performance testing tools like JMeter, LoadRunner, etc.)

66. How do you ensure the quality of your own work as a tester?

    • Answer: Through peer reviews, self-reviews, and adherence to established testing standards and processes.

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