automation qtp tester Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is QTP (QuickTest Professional)?

   • Answer: QTP, now known as UFT (Unified Functional Testing), is a commercial software testing tool used for functional and regression testing of software applications. It uses VB Script as its scripting language to automate test cases.

2. Explain the difference between functional and regression testing.

   • Answer: Functional testing verifies that each function of the software application operates as specified. Regression testing ensures that new code changes haven't introduced bugs into previously working functionality.

3. What are the different types of checkpoints in QTP?

   • Answer: QTP offers several checkpoint types including standard, bitmap, database, text, table, and XML checkpoints. Each verifies different aspects of the application's UI or data.

4. What is a checkpoint and why is it important?

   • Answer: A checkpoint compares the expected value of an application object with its actual value at runtime. It's crucial for verifying that the application behaves as expected and identifying defects.

5. How do you handle dynamic objects in QTP?

   • Answer: Dynamic objects have properties that change during test execution. We handle them using descriptive programming, regular expressions, or object identification techniques that rely on stable properties.

6. Explain descriptive programming in QTP.

   • Answer: Descriptive programming allows you to identify objects based on their properties instead of relying solely on object repositories. This is beneficial for handling dynamic objects.

7. What is an object repository in QTP?

   • Answer: The object repository stores the descriptions of the objects used in your test scripts. It helps organize and manage the objects used in your automation.

8. What are the different types of object repositories?

   • Answer: QTP supports local and shared object repositories. Local repositories are specific to a single test, while shared repositories can be used by multiple tests.

9. How do you handle exceptions in QTP scripts?

   • Answer: Using `On Error Resume Next` and error handling mechanisms like `try...catch` blocks (though less common in VBScript) to gracefully handle runtime errors and prevent script crashes.

10. What are the different types of actions in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP actions can be regular actions, reusable actions, and expert view actions. Reusable actions are modular and can be called from multiple test scripts.

11. Explain the concept of data-driven testing in QTP.

    • Answer: Data-driven testing involves running the same test script with different sets of data from an external source (like an Excel sheet). This increases test coverage and efficiency.

12. How do you implement data-driven testing in QTP?

    • Answer: By using data tables, external data sources (like Excel or CSV files), and parameters in test scripts to dynamically input data into the application during testing.

13. What is keyword-driven testing?

    • Answer: Keyword-driven testing utilizes a table of keywords and actions to describe test cases. This approach separates test design from script implementation, improving maintainability.

14. What is the difference between data-driven and keyword-driven testing?

    • Answer: Data-driven focuses on using different data sets for the same test script, while keyword-driven focuses on using keywords to describe actions, making it more abstract and maintainable but potentially less flexible.

15. How do you handle frames in QTP?

    • Answer: By using the `Browser("BrowserName").Frame("FrameName").Page("PageName")` syntax or equivalent methods to switch between frames and access elements within them.

16. How do you handle pop-up windows in QTP?

    • Answer: Using the `Window("WindowTitle").Activate` or similar methods to identify and interact with pop-up windows, handling them similarly to frames and other application objects.

17. What is the use of regular expressions in QTP?

    • Answer: Regular expressions enable the identification of objects with partially known or dynamically changing properties, providing flexibility in object identification.

18. Explain the importance of test automation frameworks.

    • Answer: Test automation frameworks provide structure, reusability, maintainability, and reporting capabilities for test automation projects, leading to better efficiency and quality.

19. What are some common QTP test automation frameworks?

    • Answer: Data-driven, keyword-driven, modular, hybrid, and page object model (POM) frameworks are commonly used with QTP/UFT.

20. What is the Page Object Model (POM)?

    • Answer: POM is a design pattern that separates UI element locators from test logic, enhancing maintainability and reusability of test scripts.

21. How do you generate test results in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP automatically generates test results, often in HTML format, detailing test execution status, checkpoints, and any errors encountered.

22. How do you integrate QTP with other tools?

    • Answer: QTP can integrate with tools like ALM (Application Lifecycle Management) for test management, source control systems for version control, and other testing tools for comprehensive testing processes.

23. Explain the concept of recovery scenario in QTP.

    • Answer: Recovery scenarios handle unexpected events or errors during test execution, allowing the test to continue running instead of failing abruptly. Examples include handling pop-up dialog boxes.

24. How do you handle synchronization issues in QTP?

    • Answer: Using synchronization points (like `Wait` statements) or smart identification techniques to ensure that the test script waits for specific application elements or states before continuing.

25. What are the limitations of QTP?

    • Answer: High licensing costs, reliance on VBScript (though UFT offers other languages), limitations in handling certain technologies, and the learning curve associated with mastering the tool.

26. What is the difference between QTP and Selenium?

    • Answer: QTP is a commercial tool with broader capabilities but higher licensing costs, while Selenium is open-source, supports multiple languages, and is particularly strong in web application testing. QTP offers better support for complex applications and technologies.

27. What are some best practices for writing effective QTP scripts?

    • Answer: Use meaningful names, follow coding standards, use comments liberally, modularize your code into reusable actions, utilize error handling, and follow a well-defined automation framework.

28. How do you debug QTP scripts?

    • Answer: QTP provides debugging features like breakpoints, stepping through code, watching variables, and using the debug log to identify and fix issues in your scripts.

29. How do you handle different browsers in QTP?

    • Answer: QTP supports testing across multiple browsers. The specific approach depends on the framework; you might use separate scripts or parameters to specify the browser during test execution.

30. Describe your experience with test management tools and their integration with QTP.

    • Answer: [Describe your experience, e.g., using HP ALM/Quality Center, Jira, etc., and how you integrated them with QTP for test case management, execution, and reporting.]

31. Explain your experience using version control systems with QTP scripts.

    • Answer: [Describe your experience using Git, SVN, or other version control systems to manage and track changes in QTP test scripts and other automation assets.]

32. How do you ensure the maintainability of your QTP scripts?

    • Answer: By using a well-defined framework (like POM), writing modular and reusable code, using descriptive programming where applicable, and adhering to consistent coding standards.

33. What are your preferred methods for identifying and handling flaky tests in QTP?

    • Answer: [Describe your strategies, such as improving synchronization, using more robust object identification techniques, incorporating retries, and analyzing test logs to pinpoint the root cause of flakiness.]

34. How do you manage large QTP test suites?

    • Answer: By employing a well-structured framework, utilizing shared object repositories, creating modular reusable actions, and potentially using test suite management features in tools like ALM.

35. How do you ensure the security of your QTP scripts and test data?

    • Answer: By using secure storage mechanisms for sensitive data, implementing proper access controls, and avoiding hardcoding sensitive information directly into scripts.

36. What are your experiences with performance testing in conjunction with QTP?

    • Answer: [Discuss your experience or lack thereof. While QTP is primarily functional, it can indirectly provide performance insights; mention if you've used it to measure execution time of certain sections or integrated with dedicated performance tools.]

37. What is your approach to creating effective test plans for QTP automation?

    • Answer: By defining clear objectives, identifying scope and test cases suitable for automation, planning the automation framework, resource allocation, and creating a detailed schedule.

38. How do you handle different types of web elements (buttons, links, text boxes, etc.) in QTP?

    • Answer: Through the standard QTP object model, using methods specific to each object type (e.g., `Click` for buttons, `Type` for text boxes, `GetROProperty` to retrieve attributes).

39. Explain your process for creating and maintaining QTP object repositories.

    • Answer: [Describe your strategy: how you organize objects, handle changes, manage shared vs. local repositories, and strategies for dealing with dynamic objects and object maintenance over time.]

40. What is your experience with continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines and their integration with QTP?

    • Answer: [Describe your experience or lack thereof. Explain how you’d integrate QTP into a CI/CD pipeline, considering automated execution, test reporting, and integration with tools like Jenkins or Azure DevOps.]

41. How do you prioritize test cases for automation in QTP?

    • Answer: Prioritize based on factors such as risk, frequency of execution, business criticality, and return on investment (ROI) of automation.

42. Describe your experience with different types of testing (unit, integration, system, etc.) and how they relate to automation with QTP.

    • Answer: [Explain your experience with different testing levels. QTP is mainly suited for integration, system, and regression testing. Discuss how you'd approach automation at each level.]

43. How do you measure the effectiveness of your QTP automation efforts?

    • Answer: Through metrics like defect detection rate, test execution time reduction, test coverage, cost savings, and improved team productivity.

44. What are your strategies for handling UI changes and their impact on your QTP scripts?

    • Answer: Using descriptive programming, object mapping techniques, and robust error handling to minimize the impact of UI changes on test scripts.

45. Describe your experience with Agile methodologies and how you integrate QTP automation into Agile sprints.

    • Answer: [Explain your experience working in Agile environments and how you align QTP automation with sprint goals, daily scrums, and continuous feedback loops.]

46. What are your thoughts on the future of QTP and automation testing in general?

    • Answer: [Share your informed perspective, considering trends like AI-powered testing, shift-left testing, and the increasing importance of CI/CD and DevOps.]

47. What are your salary expectations?

    • Answer: [State your salary expectations based on your experience and research of market rates.]

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